Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2014 Oct 15;307(8):C657-70. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00183.2014.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of protein synthesis, most strikingly in the specialized secretory cells of metazoans, which can produce their own weight in proteins daily. Cells possess a diverse machinery to ensure correct folding, assembly, and secretion of proteins from the ER. When this machinery is overwhelmed, the cell is said to experience ER stress, a result of the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the organelle. Here we discuss the causes of ER stress and the mechanisms by which cells elicit a response, with an emphasis on recent discoveries.
内质网（ER）是蛋白质合成的主要场所，在后生动物的专门分泌细胞中最为明显，这些细胞每天可以产生自身重量的蛋白质。细胞拥有多种机制来确保蛋白质从 ER 中正确折叠、组装和分泌。当这种机制不堪重负时，细胞就会经历内质网应激，这是由于未折叠或错误折叠的蛋白质在细胞器腔中积累而导致的结果。在这里，我们讨论了内质网应激的原因以及细胞产生反应的机制，并重点介绍了最近的发现。
