Grün V, Schmucker S, Schalk C, Flauger B, Stefanski V
Department of Behavioral Physiology of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Animal Breeding, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Department of Behavioral Physiology of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Animal Breeding, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
J Anim Sci. 2014 Aug;92(8):3388-97. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-7531. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
Housing conditions might differentially affect the adaptive immune responses to a neoantigen in pregnant sows with possible consequences for the success of vaccinations. Therefore, this study aimed at characterizing antigen-specific T cell and B cell responses of pregnant sows (German Landrace) either housed in a social group (GP; n = 22) or confined in individual gestation crates (CR; n = 11). All sows were immunized with the neoantigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 7 and 5 wk prepartum. Blood samples were taken 7, 6, 4, and 2 wk prepartum, thus before and after the first as well as second immunization. This study aimed at identifying both the resulting cellular as well as humoral KLH-specific immune response in the pregnant sows. We therefore analyzed total IgG and anti-KLH IgG concentrations and the KLH-specific lymphocyte proliferation as well as the KLH-specific production of the T helper cell type 1 (TH1)-related cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interferon (IFN) γ in main T cell subsets before and after the immunization. Anti-KLH IgG titers significantly increased during the experimental procedure (P < 0.001) reflecting the activation and differentiation of KLH-specific B cells on immunization. However, CR-housed sows showed greater anti-KLH IgG concentrations compared to GP-housed sows (P < 0.05). Keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific TNFα-producing cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and T helper (TH) cells were detectable in CR-housed sows not before the second immunization (both P < 0.05), whereas those cells were detectable already after the first immunization in GP-housed sows (CTL: P < 0.01 and TH: P < 0.05). Similarly, KLH-specific TNFα/IFNγ-double producing CTL and TH cells were detectable earlier in GP-housed sows than in CR-housed sows (both P < 0.05). Keyhole limpet hemocyanin-induced lymphocyte proliferation and total IgG concentrations were not affected by the housing system. Our results show that housing conditions affect the adaptive immunity to a neoantigen in pregnant sows. Whereas GP housing of pregnant sows induced a rather TH1-mediated cellular response, individual housing in CR resulted in a T helper cell type 2 (TH2)-pronounced humoral response to KLH. The greater anti-KLH IgG concentration and the delayed activation and differentiation of KLH-specific TH1 cells in CR-housed sows support the hypothesis of a shifted TH1:TH2 ratio in individually housed sows of this study. We presume differences in the stressfulness of the housing system to be mainly responsible for the occurring effects.
住房条件可能会对怀孕母猪针对新抗原的适应性免疫反应产生不同影响，这可能会对疫苗接种的成功产生影响。因此，本研究旨在表征怀孕母猪（德国长白猪）的抗原特异性T细胞和B细胞反应，这些母猪要么饲养在群居环境（GP；n = 22）中，要么饲养在个体妊娠限位栏（CR；n = 11）中。所有母猪在产前7周和5周用新抗原钥孔血蓝蛋白（KLH）进行免疫。在产前7周、6周、4周和2周采集血样，即在第一次和第二次免疫之前和之后。本研究旨在确定怀孕母猪中由此产生的针对KLH的细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应。因此，我们分析了总IgG和抗KLH IgG浓度、KLH特异性淋巴细胞增殖以及免疫前后主要T细胞亚群中1型辅助性T细胞（TH1）相关细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α和干扰素（IFN）γ的KLH特异性产生情况。在实验过程中，抗KLH IgG滴度显著增加（P < 0.001），反映了免疫后KLH特异性B细胞的激活和分化。然而，与饲养在群居环境中的母猪相比，饲养在妊娠限位栏中的母猪抗KLH IgG浓度更高（P < 0.05）。在饲养在妊娠限位栏中的母猪中，直到第二次免疫后才能检测到产生TNFα的钥孔血蓝蛋白特异性细胞毒性T细胞（CTL）和辅助性T细胞（TH）（两者P < 0.05），而在饲养在群居环境中的母猪中，在第一次免疫后就能检测到这些细胞（CTL：P < 0.01；TH：P < 0.05）。同样，在饲养在群居环境中的母猪中，比饲养在妊娠限位栏中的母猪更早检测到产生TNFα/IFNγ的KLH特异性CTL和TH细胞（两者P < 0.05）。钥孔血蓝蛋白诱导的淋巴细胞增殖和总IgG浓度不受饲养系统的影响。我们的结果表明，住房条件会影响怀孕母猪对新抗原的适应性免疫。怀孕母猪群居饲养诱导了一种相当由TH1介导的细胞反应，而在妊娠限位栏中单独饲养则导致对KLH产生以2型辅助性T细胞（TH2）为主的体液反应。饲养在妊娠限位栏中的母猪中更高的抗KLH IgG浓度以及KLH特异性TH1细胞激活和分化的延迟支持了本研究中单独饲养的母猪中TH1:TH2比例发生改变的假设。我们推测饲养系统压力的差异是产生这些影响的主要原因。
