Britton Philip N, Dale Russell C, Booy Robert, Jones Cheryl A
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2015 Feb;51(2):147-58. doi: 10.1111/jpc.12650. Epub 2014 Jun 22.
Encephalitis is a complex neurological syndrome caused by inflammation of the brain that occurs with highest incidence in children. It is challenging to diagnose and manage due to the variety of aetiologies and non-specific clinical presentations. We discuss the recent progress in clinical case definitions; review recent, large, prospective epidemiological studies; and describe aetiologies. We emphasise infectious causes relevant to children in Australasia but also consider emerging immune-mediated syndromes responsive to immune therapies. We identify priorities for future research in children, given the potential for climate change and international travel to influence the emergence of infectious agents in our region.
脑炎是一种由脑部炎症引起的复杂神经综合征，在儿童中发病率最高。由于病因多样且临床表现不具特异性，其诊断和管理具有挑战性。我们讨论了临床病例定义的最新进展；回顾了近期大型前瞻性流行病学研究；并描述了病因。我们强调与澳大拉西亚地区儿童相关的感染性病因，但也考虑对免疫疗法有反应的新兴免疫介导综合征。鉴于气候变化和国际旅行可能影响我们地区传染病原体的出现，我们确定了儿童未来研究的重点。
