Swick Derek, Jaques Andrew, Walker J C, Estreicher Herb
American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, United States.
RegNet, 1250 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, United States.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Nov;70(2 Suppl):S3-S12. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.016. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
Significant efforts have been made to characterize the toxicological properties of gasoline. There have been both mandatory and voluntary toxicology testing programs to generate hazard characterization data for gasoline, the refinery process streams used to blend gasoline, and individual chemical constituents found in gasoline. The Clean Air Act (CAA) (Clean Air Act, 2012: § 7401, et seq.) is the primary tool for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate gasoline and this supplement presents the results of the Section 211(b) Alternative Tier 2 studies required for CAA Fuel and Fuel Additive registration. Gasoline blending streams have also been evaluated by EPA under the voluntary High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program through which the petroleum industry provide data on over 80 refinery streams used in gasoline. Product stewardship efforts by companies and associations such as the American Petroleum Institute (API), Conservation of Clean Air and Water Europe (CONCAWE), and the Petroleum Product Stewardship Council (PPSC) have contributed a significant amount of hazard characterization data on gasoline and related substances. The hazard of gasoline and anticipated exposure to gasoline vapor has been well characterized for risk assessment purposes.
为了描述汽油的毒理学特性，人们已经付出了巨大努力。针对汽油、用于调和汽油的炼油工艺物流以及汽油中发现的单个化学成分，已经开展了强制性和自愿性毒理学测试项目，以生成危害特征数据。《清洁空气法》（《2012年清洁空气法》：第7401条及后续条款）是美国环境保护局（EPA）监管汽油的主要工具，本增补文件展示了《清洁空气法》燃料和燃料添加剂注册所需的第211(b)条替代二级研究的结果。EPA还通过自愿性高产量（HPV）挑战计划对汽油调和物流进行了评估，石油行业通过该计划提供了有关80多种用于汽油的炼油物流的数据。美国石油学会（API）、欧洲清洁空气与水保护协会（CONCAWE）以及石油产品管理委员会（PPSC）等公司和协会所做的产品管理工作，提供了大量关于汽油及相关物质的危害特征数据。出于风险评估目的，汽油的危害以及预期的汽油蒸气暴露情况已得到充分描述。
