Travel Medicine Office.
Department for Interventions in Health Care Facilities, Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2014 Nov-Dec;12(6 Pt B):764-70. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.05.003. Epub 2014 May 23.
The purpose of this prospective, questionnaire-based study is to assess pre-travel vaccinations and malaria prophylaxis for long-term travellers who receive pre-travel advice in Greece. A total of 4721 travellers were studied from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2012. Travellers sought pre-travel advice at a mean of 19.7 days (range: 0-349 days) before departure. Long-term travellers (≥ 1 month) accounted for 2205 (46.7%) of all travellers. Long-term travellers had a mean age of 34.5 years. The majority of them were men (79.8%). In terms of destinations, 84% were visiting malaria-endemic countries and sub-Saharan Africa was the most common destination (17.7%). Most long-term travellers pursued trips for work purposes (70%), visited urban areas (79.6%) and stayed in hotels (29.2%). Yellow fever, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and tetanus/diphtheria vaccines were administered to 1647 (74.7%), 741 (33.6%), 652 (29.5%), and 589 (26.7%) travellers, respectively. Yellow fever vaccine was administered to 339 (87%) and 132 (71%) of long-term travellers to sub-Saharan Africa and South America respectively, whereas typhoid vaccine to 119 (90.8%) and 330 (84.6%) of those travelling to the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa respectively. Rabies vaccine was administered to 14 (0.6%) of them. Malaria prophylaxis was recommended to 446 (20%) of long-term travellers. Mefloquine was the most commonly (49%) prescribed agent, and was prescribed to 26.7% of long-term travellers to sub-Sahara Africa. In conclusion, this study revealed that recommendations for vaccine and malaria prophylaxis for long-term travellers to developing countries should be more selective, based on the assessment of all travellers' and travel characteristics, in order to provide adequate pre-travel preparation for this high risk group of travellers. More focused studies are suggested in order to understand the particular needs of long-term travellers. Increasing awareness of travellers and travel health consultants is very important.
本前瞻性问卷调查研究的目的是评估在希腊接受旅行前咨询的长期旅行者的旅行前疫苗接种和疟疾预防用药情况。2009 年 1 月 1 日至 2012 年 12 月 31 日共研究了 4721 名旅行者。旅行者在出发前平均 19.7 天（0-349 天）接受旅行前咨询。长期旅行者（≥ 1 个月）占所有旅行者的 2205 人（46.7%）。长期旅行者的平均年龄为 34.5 岁。他们大多数是男性（79.8%）。就目的地而言，84%的旅行者前往疟疾流行地区，撒哈拉以南非洲是最常见的目的地（17.7%）。大多数长期旅行者因工作目的出行（70%），前往城市地区（79.6%），入住酒店（29.2%）。1647 名（74.7%）、741 名（33.6%）、652 名（29.5%）和 589 名（26.7%）旅行者分别接种了黄热病、伤寒、甲型肝炎和破伤风类毒素疫苗。分别有 339 名（87%）和 132 名（71%）前往撒哈拉以南非洲和南美洲的长期旅行者接种了黄热病疫苗，分别有 119 名（90.8%）和 330 名（84.6%）前往印度次大陆和撒哈拉以南非洲的旅行者接种了伤寒疫苗。14 名（0.6%）旅行者接种了狂犬病疫苗。446 名（20%）长期旅行者被建议使用疟疾预防用药。以氯胍为基础的预防用药最常（49%）被开具，有 26.7%前往撒哈拉以南非洲的长期旅行者开具了该药物。总之，本研究表明，对前往发展中国家的长期旅行者的疫苗和疟疾预防用药的建议应更具选择性，应根据所有旅行者和旅行特征的评估，以便为这一高风险旅行者群体提供充分的旅行前准备。建议进行更有针对性的研究，以了解长期旅行者的特殊需求。提高旅行者和旅行健康顾问的认识非常重要。
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