Kinoshita Yuki, Ogata Daiki, Watanabe Yoshiaki, Riquimaroux Hiroshi, Ohta Tetsuo, Hiryu Shizuko
Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0321, Japan.
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2014 Sep;200(9):799-809. doi: 10.1007/s00359-014-0921-3. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
The prey pursuit behavior of Japanese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon) was investigated by tasking bats during flight with choosing between two tethered fluttering moths. Echolocation pulses were recorded using a telemetry microphone mounted on the bat combined with a 17-channel horizontal microphone array to measure pulse directions. Flight paths of the bat and moths were monitored using two high-speed video cameras. Acoustical measurements of returning echoes from fluttering moths were first collected using an ultrasonic loudspeaker, turning the head direction of the moth relative to the loudspeaker from 0° (front) to 180° (back) in the horizontal plane. The amount of acoustical glints caused by moth fluttering varied with the sound direction, reaching a maximum at 70°-100° in the horizontal plane. In the flight experiment, moths chosen by the bat fluttered within or moved across these angles relative to the bat's pulse direction, which would cause maximum dynamic changes in the frequency and amplitude of acoustical glints during flight. These results suggest that echoes with acoustical glints containing the strongest frequency and amplitude modulations appear to attract bats for prey selection.
通过让日本菊头蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon）在飞行过程中在两只系留的扑翼蛾之间进行选择，对其捕食行为进行了研究。使用安装在蝙蝠身上的遥测麦克风结合17通道水平麦克风阵列来记录回声定位脉冲，以测量脉冲方向。使用两台高速摄像机监测蝙蝠和蛾子的飞行路径。首先使用超声波扬声器收集扑翼蛾返回回声的声学测量数据，在水平面上将蛾子相对于扬声器的头部方向从0°（正面）旋转到180°（背面）。蛾子扑翼引起的声学闪烁量随声音方向而变化，在水平面上70°-100°时达到最大值。在飞行实验中，蝙蝠选择的蛾子相对于蝙蝠的脉冲方向在这些角度内扑动或穿过这些角度，这将在飞行过程中导致声学闪烁的频率和幅度产生最大动态变化。这些结果表明，具有最强频率和幅度调制的声学闪烁回声似乎会吸引蝙蝠进行猎物选择。
