Miao Qun, Chen Dongmei, Buzzelli Michael, Aronson Kristan J
a Department of Public Health Sciences , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada.
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2015;70(1):47-55. doi: 10.1080/19338244.2014.904266.
The objective of this study was to review environmental equity research on outdoor air pollution and, specifically, methods and tools used in research, published in English, with the aim of recommending the best methods and analytic tools. English language publications from 2000 to 2012 were identified in Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed. Research methodologies and results were reviewed and potential deficiencies and knowledge gaps identified. The publications show that exposure to outdoor air pollution differs by social factors, but findings are inconsistent in Canada. In terms of study designs, most were small and ecological and therefore prone to the ecological fallacy. Newer tools such as geographic information systems, modeling, and biomarkers offer improved precision in exposure measurement. Higher-quality research using large, individual-based samples and more precise analytic tools are needed to provide better evidence for policy-making to reduce environmental inequities.
本研究的目的是回顾关于室外空气污染的环境公平性研究，特别是以英文发表的研究中所使用的方法和工具，旨在推荐最佳方法和分析工具。通过谷歌学术、Ovid MEDLINE和PubMed检索了2000年至2012年的英文出版物。对研究方法和结果进行了回顾，并确定了潜在的不足和知识空白。这些出版物表明，室外空气污染暴露因社会因素而异，但在加拿大，研究结果并不一致。在研究设计方面，大多数研究规模较小且属于生态学研究，因此容易出现生态谬误。地理信息系统、建模和生物标志物等较新的工具在暴露测量方面提供了更高的精度。需要采用基于个体的大样本和更精确分析工具进行更高质量的研究，以便为减少环境不公平现象的政策制定提供更好的证据。
