Murimi Mary, Chrisman Matthew S, McAllister Tiffany, McDonald Olevia D
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
Health Educ Behav. 2015 Feb;42(1):109-16. doi: 10.1177/1090198114540465. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
Approximately 8.3% of the U.S. population (25.8 million people) is affected by type 2 diabetes. The burden of diabetes is disproportionately greater in the African American community. Compared with non-Hispanic Caucasian adults, the risk of diagnosed type 2 diabetes was 77% higher among non-Hispanic Blacks, who are 27% more likely to die of diabetes complications than either Caucasians or Hispanics. The purpose of this longitudinal community intervention was to promote healthy lifestyles among African American participants through multiple channels, including individualized point-of-testing counseling, and weekly exercise and nutrition classes led by trained community health mentors. Data collection procedures were guided by the World Health Organization's STEPS approach, which includes gathering demographic and health information, collecting anthropometric measurements, and analyzing biochemical blood work. Changes in body mass index were assessed from in-person measurements and changes in blood lipids and glucose were examined by biochemical analyses. A total of 157 individuals participated in this study. Results showed that weight gain during the intervention was prevented, glucose levels decreased (-10.88 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (-8.8 mg/dL), while high-density lipoprotein increased (+3.2 mg/dL). Lifestyle interventions and point-of-testing counseling can be successful in reducing risk factors for type 2 diabetes among the African American population. The results of this intervention indicate that the use of community health mentors and point-of-testing counseling may be effective in fostering healthy lifestyle changes, which can halt the progression of type 2 diabetes among non-Hispanic Black populations.
约8.3%的美国人口（2580万人）受2型糖尿病影响。糖尿病负担在非裔美国人社区尤为严重。与非西班牙裔白人成年人相比，非西班牙裔黑人被诊断出2型糖尿病的风险高77%，死于糖尿病并发症的可能性比白人和西班牙裔高出27%。这项纵向社区干预的目的是通过多种渠道促进非裔美国参与者的健康生活方式，包括个性化的检测点咨询，以及由训练有素的社区健康指导员带领的每周锻炼和营养课程。数据收集程序以世界卫生组织的“STEPS方法”为指导，该方法包括收集人口统计学和健康信息、进行人体测量以及分析血液生化指标。通过现场测量评估体重指数的变化，通过生化分析检测血脂和血糖的变化。共有157人参与了这项研究。结果显示，干预期间体重增加得到了预防，血糖水平下降了（-10.88毫克/分升），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降了（-8.8毫克/分升），而高密度脂蛋白增加了（+3.2毫克/分升）。生活方式干预和检测点咨询能够成功降低非裔美国人群中2型糖尿病的风险因素。这项干预结果表明，利用社区健康指导员和检测点咨询可能有效促进健康生活方式的改变，从而阻止非西班牙裔黑人人群中2型糖尿病的进展。
