Harder Maria, Christensson Kyllike, Söderbäck Maja
School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2015 Jun;29(2):268-76. doi: 10.1111/scs.12160. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
To prevent diseases among children they regularly undergo immunizations. Previous research show different approaches available to facilitate immunization-procedures for children to protect them from harm. To complement this research and provide care suited for children, research recognizing their perceptions of undergoing such a procedure is needed.
The aim of this study was to describe 5-year-old children's perceptions of undergoing an immunization.
A phenomenographic approach and analysis was used to describe the children's (n = 21) various perceptions. The data-collection was accomplished directly after the immunization to grasp the children's immediate perceptions. Drawings and reflective talks were used as they are considered as suitable methods when involving young children in research. The right to conduct research with children was approved by the appropriate research ethics committee and also by each child and the parents.
The findings show that children's perceptions of an immunization-procedure may vary from effortlessly, to manageable or difficult. Regardless of how the child perceive the immunization-procedure each perception embrace the children's descriptions of actors and articles in the situation, their feelings in the situation and also their actions to deal with the immunization. Nevertheless, these descriptions vary according to how the children perceive the immunization as effortlessly, manageable or difficult.
Children's and adults' perceptions of medical procedures may differ and children need guidance, time and space to deal with them. Recognizing children's perceptions of undergoing an immunization contributes to the promotion of their right to be involved in their own health care and towards the development of child-centred care.
为预防儿童疾病，他们需定期接受免疫接种。先前的研究表明，有不同方法可促进儿童免疫接种程序，以保护他们免受伤害。为补充这项研究并提供适合儿童的护理，需要开展认识他们对接受此类程序看法的研究。
本研究的目的是描述5岁儿童对接受免疫接种的看法。
采用现象学方法和分析来描述儿童（n = 21）的各种看法。在免疫接种后立即进行数据收集，以把握儿童的即时看法。使用绘画和反思性谈话，因为在让幼儿参与研究时，它们被认为是合适的方法。开展儿童研究的权利得到了适当研究伦理委员会以及每个孩子和家长的批准。
研究结果表明，儿童对免疫接种程序的看法可能从轻松到可控或困难不等。无论儿童如何看待免疫接种程序，每种看法都包含了儿童对情境中参与者和物品的描述、他们在情境中的感受以及他们应对免疫接种的行动。然而，这些描述会因儿童认为免疫接种是轻松、可控还是困难而有所不同。
儿童和成人对医疗程序的看法可能不同，儿童需要指导、时间和空间来应对这些程序。认识到儿童对接受免疫接种的看法有助于促进他们参与自身医疗保健的权利，并推动以儿童为中心的护理发展。
