Höhere Berufsfachschule für Altenpflege und Ergotherapie der Euro Akademie Pößneck , Carl-Gustav-Vogel-Str. 13, Pößneck 07381 , Germany.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 Aug;13(8):1031-42. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2014.935761. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disease, which is treated by antipsychotic drugs. These drugs are mostly D2 and 5-HT2A antagonists and have extrapyramidal side effects depending on the D2 antagonistic effect. Recently admitted antipsychotic drugs also have systemic side effects. Clozapine, which has the strongest antipsychotic effect, can cause neutropenia. A problem in the treatment of schizophrenia is poor patient compliance leading to the recurrence of psychotic symptoms.
A search was carried out in Medline using the following terms: antipsychotic drugs, antipsychotic effect, risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazol, asenapine, questiapine, cariprazine, lurasidone, arrythmia, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, epileptic activity, extrapyramidal symptoms, sexual activity, clinical trials and tolerability.
Most clinical trials describe a good antipsychotic effect of the currently used antipsychotic drugs. The efficacy and safety of the antipsychotic drugs also depend on the form of schizophrenia, for example, the chronic recurrent form of schizophrenia. Clozapine and olanzapine have the safest therapeutic effect, while the side effect of neutropenia must be controlled by 3 weekly blood controls. If schizophrenia has remitted and if patients show a good compliance, the adverse effects can be controlled. The pharmacological treatment should be combined with social therapies and psychoeducation in order to reach a good therapeutic outcome.
精神分裂症是一种慢性精神疾病，用抗精神病药物治疗。这些药物大多是 D2 和 5-HT2A 拮抗剂，根据 D2 拮抗作用有锥体外系副作用。最近被接纳的抗精神病药物也有全身副作用。具有最强抗精神病作用的氯氮平会导致中性粒细胞减少。精神分裂症治疗中的一个问题是患者依从性差，导致精神病症状复发。
在 Medline 上使用以下术语进行了搜索：抗精神病药物、抗精神病作用、利培酮、奥氮平、氯氮平、齐拉西酮、阿立哌唑、阿塞那平、喹硫平、卡利拉嗪、鲁拉西酮、心律失常、糖尿病、体重增加、癫痫活动、锥体外系症状、性行为、临床试验和耐受性。
大多数临床试验描述了目前使用的抗精神病药物具有良好的抗精神病作用。抗精神病药物的疗效和安全性也取决于精神分裂症的形式，例如慢性复发性精神分裂症。氯氮平和奥氮平具有最安全的治疗效果，而中性粒细胞减少症的副作用必须通过每 3 周的血液检查来控制。如果精神分裂症已经缓解，如果患者表现出良好的依从性，可以控制不良反应。药物治疗应结合社会治疗和心理教育，以达到良好的治疗效果。
