Durcansky Peter, Papucik Stefan, Jandacka Jozef, Holubcik Michal, Nosek Radovan
University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:138254. doi: 10.1155/2014/138254. Epub 2014 May 28.
Combined power generation or cogeneration is a highly effective technology that produces heat and electricity in one device more efficiently than separate production. Overall effectiveness is growing by use of combined technologies of energy extraction, taking heat from flue gases and coolants of machines. Another problem is the dependence of such devices on fossil fuels as fuel. For the combustion turbine is mostly used as fuel natural gas, kerosene and as fuel for heating power plants is mostly used coal. It is therefore necessary to seek for compensation today, which confirms the assumption in the future. At first glance, the obvious efforts are to restrict the use of largely oil and change the type of energy used in transport. Another significant change is the increase in renewable energy--energy that is produced from renewable sources. Among machines gaining energy by unconventional way belong mainly the steam engine, Stirling engine, and Ericsson engine. In these machines, the energy is obtained by external combustion and engine performs work in a medium that receives and transmits energy from combustion or flue gases indirectly. The paper deals with the principle of hot-air engines, and their use in combined heat and electricity production from biomass and with heat exchangers as primary energy transforming element.
联合发电或热电联产是一种高效技术，它在一个设备中生产热能和电能，比单独生产更高效。通过采用能量提取的联合技术，从烟气和机器冷却剂中获取热量，整体效率正在提高。另一个问题是此类设备对化石燃料作为燃料的依赖。对于燃气轮机，大多使用天然气、煤油作为燃料，而对于供热发电厂，大多使用煤炭作为燃料。因此，如今有必要寻求补偿，这也证实了对未来的假设。乍一看，明显的努力方向是限制大量石油的使用，并改变交通运输中使用的能源类型。另一个重大变化是可再生能源的增加——即由可再生资源产生的能源。通过非常规方式获取能量的机器主要包括蒸汽机、斯特林发动机和爱立信发动机。在这些机器中，能量通过外部燃烧获得，发动机在一种介质中工作，该介质间接接收并传递来自燃烧或烟气的能量。本文探讨了热气发动机的原理，以及它们在利用生物质进行热电联产中的应用，并将热交换器作为主要的能量转换元件。
