Mirzaei Asad, Schweynoch Carola, Rouhani Soheila, Parvizi Parviz, Schönian Gabriele
Parasitology Department, Medical Faculty, University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charitè, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charitè, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Aug;108(8):502-12. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/tru085. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a polymorphic disease which may show various symptoms. Genetic diversity of the parasite is suggested to be one of the factors influencing the clinical manifestation of the disease.
This study used PCR for the detection and identification of leishmanial parasites at the species level and applied a multilocus microsatellite typing approach for investigating the genetic diversity of Leishmania major isolated from captured rodents in two foci of ZCL in Iran: Turkemen Sahara and Fars province.
ITS1-rDNA amplification and subsequent RFLP analyses were performed using DNA extracted from the rodents' ears. Approximately one third of the rodents tested positive for Leishmania; in all rodents L. major was the predominating infecting agent. Seven Rhombomys opimus were positive for L. turanica DNA and one for both L. major and L. turanica. DNA of L. infantum was identified in one Rh. opimus. Seventeen strains of L. major, 15 from Turkemen Sahara and two from Fars province, isolated from different rodents were tested for variation at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. Ten different MLMT genotypes were observed. They were compared to 89 previously published microsatellite profiles obtained for strains of L. major of different geographical origin. Bayesian model-based and genetic distance based approaches confirmed that strains from Turkemen Sahara and from Fars are genetically different and belong to different genetic groups, largely corresponding to their geographical origins.
The considerable genetic variability of L. major might be related to differences in reservoir host and/or to the existence of different populations of the vector, Phlebotomus papatasi.
人兽共患皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）是一种多形性疾病，可能表现出各种症状。寄生虫的遗传多样性被认为是影响该疾病临床表现的因素之一。
本研究使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）在物种水平检测和鉴定利什曼原虫寄生虫，并应用多位点微卫星分型方法，研究从伊朗两个ZCL疫源地（土库曼撒哈拉和法尔斯省）捕获的啮齿动物中分离出的硕大利什曼原虫的遗传多样性。
使用从啮齿动物耳朵提取的DNA进行内部转录间隔区1核糖体DNA（ITS1-rDNA）扩增及随后的限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析。约三分之一的啮齿动物利什曼原虫检测呈阳性；在所有啮齿动物中，硕大利什曼原虫是主要感染病原体。7只大沙鼠的图兰利什曼原虫DNA呈阳性，1只同时感染了硕大利什曼原虫和图兰利什曼原虫。在1只大沙鼠中鉴定出婴儿利什曼原虫DNA。从不同啮齿动物中分离出17株硕大利什曼原虫菌株（15株来自土库曼撒哈拉，2株来自法尔斯省），检测其9个多态性微卫星位点的变异情况。观察到10种不同的微卫星分型（MLMT）基因型。将它们与之前发表的89个不同地理来源的硕大利什曼原虫菌株微卫星图谱进行比较。基于贝叶斯模型和基于遗传距离的方法证实，来自土库曼撒哈拉和法尔斯的菌株在基因上存在差异，属于不同的基因群体，在很大程度上与它们的地理来源相对应。
硕大利什曼原虫相当大的遗传变异性可能与储存宿主的差异和/或媒介巴氏白蛉不同种群的存在有关。
