Bydon Mohamad, Fredrickson Vance, De la Garza-Ramos Rafael, Li Yiping, Lehman Ronald A, Trost Gregory R, Gokaslan Ziya L
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37(1):E12. doi: 10.3171/2014.5.FOCUS1474.
Sacral fractures are uncommon lesions and most often the result of high-energy trauma. Depending on the fracture location, neurological injury may be present in over 50% of cases. In this article, the authors conducted a comprehensive literature review on the epidemiology of sacral fractures, relevant anatomy of the sacral and pelvic region, common sacral injuries and fractures, classification systems of sacral fractures, and current management strategies. Due to the complex nature of these injuries, surgical management remains a challenge for the attending surgeon. Few large-scale studies have addressed postoperative complications or long-term results, but current evidence suggests that although fusion rates are high, long-term morbidity, such as residual pain and neurological deficits, persists for many patients.
骶骨骨折是罕见的损伤，大多由高能量创伤所致。根据骨折部位不同，超过50%的病例可能存在神经损伤。在本文中，作者对骶骨骨折的流行病学、骶骨及骨盆区域的相关解剖结构、常见的骶骨损伤与骨折、骶骨骨折的分类系统以及当前的治疗策略进行了全面的文献综述。由于这些损伤的复杂性，手术治疗对主刀医生而言仍是一项挑战。很少有大规模研究涉及术后并发症或长期疗效，但目前的证据表明，尽管融合率较高，但许多患者仍存在如残留疼痛和神经功能缺损等长期并发症。
