Quigg Robin, Gray Andrew, Reeder Anthony Ivor, Holt Alec, Waters Debra L
Cancer Society of New Zealand Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Health Educ Behav. 2015 Feb;42(1):100-8. doi: 10.1177/1090198114540460. Epub 2014 Jul 2.
Socioecological theory suggests that there are a range of influences that affect the physical activity levels of children, including parents' perceptions of the neighborhood. A questionnaire instrument to quantify parental neighborhood perceptions was developed for the Location of Children's Activity in Their Environment study as a potential predictor of children's physical activity. A literature review revealed a lack of appropriate instruments, many containing highly localized items. Following initial instrument development including pretesting, where items showed face and content validity, a two-phase pilot study was undertaken. Pilot testing investigated test-retest reliability (overall intraclass correlation coefficient = .75) and internal consistency (α = .62 and α = .73 for the two phases, respectively), finding that the instrument was acceptable overall although some changes in wording were made to specific items with low reliability and/or internal consistency. Using data from the first year of the Location of Children's Activity in Their Environment study, the instrument showed acceptable internal consistency (overall α = .73) and predictive validity (associated with time living in residence and walking to school) to be used in future studies. The scale was not found to be associated with child physical activity, which may be due to activity displacement. Proposed subscales for the neighborhood infrastructure and social aspects were marginal for internal consistency and a safety subscale was not acceptable in this regard. Given the impact of parental perceptions of the neighborhood, and its potential modifiable nature, a measure of it should be included in studies looking at the intensity and location of children's physical activity.
社会生态理论表明，有一系列因素会影响儿童的身体活动水平，包括父母对邻里环境的认知。在“儿童活动环境定位”研究中，开发了一种用于量化父母对邻里环境认知的问卷调查工具，作为儿童身体活动的潜在预测指标。文献综述显示缺乏合适的工具，许多工具包含高度本地化的项目。在包括预测试在内的初步工具开发之后，进行了两阶段的试点研究，预测试中项目显示出表面效度和内容效度。试点测试调查了重测信度（总体组内相关系数 = 0.75）和内部一致性（两阶段的α分别为0.62和0.73），发现该工具总体上是可接受的，尽管对可靠性和/或内部一致性较低的特定项目进行了一些措辞修改。使用“儿童活动环境定位”研究第一年的数据，该工具显示出可接受的内部一致性（总体α = 0.73）和预测效度（与居住时间和步行上学相关），可用于未来的研究。该量表未被发现与儿童身体活动相关，这可能是由于活动替代。邻里基础设施和社会方面的拟议子量表在内部一致性方面处于边缘水平，安全子量表在这方面不可接受。鉴于父母对邻里环境认知的影响及其潜在的可改变性质，在研究儿童身体活动的强度和地点时应纳入对其的测量。
