儿科人群的全身麻醉。
General anesthesia in the pediatric population.
作者信息
Cavuoto Kara M, Rodriguez Luis I, Tutiven Jacqueline, Chang Ta C
机构信息
aBascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. bBascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2014 Sep;25(5):411-6. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000088.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the pertinent perioperative, intraoperative, and short- and long-term postoperative risks associated with general anesthesia in children undergoing ocular surgery.
RECENT FINDINGS
Animal studies suggest an association between general anesthesia and neurodevelopmental delay; however, animal pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics do not directly correlate with human metrics. Retrospective human studies present conflicting data. Further, prospective studies in humans are underway, with projected results available within the next 3-5 years.
SUMMARY
All surgeons should be aware of current practices in pediatric anesthetic care, as well as the immediate- and long-term risks of general anesthesia. Ophthalmologists with pediatric patients should be aware of the potentially life-threatening conditions associated with general anesthesia. Additionally, the relative lifelong risks and benefits of general anesthetic exposure should be considered when recommending surgery, especially in light of the child's age, health status, and necessity of multiple anesthetic events.
综述目的
本文综述了接受眼科手术的儿童全身麻醉相关的围手术期、术中以及短期和长期术后风险。
最新发现
动物研究表明全身麻醉与神经发育延迟之间存在关联；然而，动物的药效学和药代动力学与人类指标并不直接相关。回顾性人体研究呈现出相互矛盾的数据。此外，针对人类的前瞻性研究正在进行中，预计未来3至5年内可得出结果。
总结
所有外科医生都应了解小儿麻醉护理的当前做法以及全身麻醉的近期和长期风险。患有儿科患者的眼科医生应了解与全身麻醉相关的潜在危及生命的情况。此外，在推荐手术时应考虑全身麻醉暴露的相对终身风险和益处，尤其是鉴于儿童的年龄、健康状况以及多次麻醉事件的必要性。
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