Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in an adult population.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

One strategy to prevent and manage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is to offer screening programs. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage prevalence and risk factors of CKD in a screening program performed in an adult general population.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study. Six-hundred ten adults (73% women, age 51 ± 14 years) without previously known CKD were evaluated. Participants were subjected to a questionnaire, blood pressure measurement and anthropometry. Glomerular filtration rate estimated by CKD-EPI formula and urine tested with albuminuria dipstick.

RESULTS

More than 50% of subjects reported family antecedents of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and obesity, and 30% of CKD. DM was self-reported in 19% and hypertension in 29%. During screening, overweight/obesity was found in 75%; women had a higher frequency of obesity (41 vs. 34%) and high-risk abdominal waist circumference (87 vs. 75%) than men. Hypertension (both self-reported and diagnosed in screening) was more frequent in men (49%) than in women (38%). CKD was found in 14.7%: G1, 5.9%; G2, 4.5%; G3a, 2.6%; G3b, 1.1%, G4, 0.3%; and G5, 0.3%. Glomerular filtration rate was mildly/moderately reduced in 2.6%, moderately/severely reduced in 1.1%, and severely reduced in <1%. Abnormal albuminuria was found in 13%. CKD was predicted by DM, hypertension and male gender.

CONCLUSIONS

A percentage CKD prevalence of 14.7% was found in this sample of an adult population, with most patients at early stages. Screening programs constitute excellent opportunities in the fight against kidney disease, particularly in populations at high risk.