Sale Peter F, Agardy Tundi, Ainsworth Cameron H, Feist Blake E, Bell Johann D, Christie Patrick, Hoegh-Guldberg Ove, Mumby Peter J, Feary David A, Saunders Megan I, Daw Tim M, Foale Simon J, Levin Phillip S, Lindeman Kenyon C, Lorenzen Kai, Pomeroy Robert S, Allison Edward H, Bradbury R H, Corrin Jennifer, Edwards Alasdair J, Obura David O, Sadovy de Mitcheson Yvonne J, Samoilys Melita A, Sheppard Charles R C
Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, 175 Longwood Rd, Hamilton, ON L8P0A1, Canada.
Sound Seas, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2014 Aug 15;85(1):8-23. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.005. Epub 2014 Jul 2.
Over 1.3 billion people live on tropical coasts, primarily in developing countries. Many depend on adjacent coastal seas for food, and livelihoods. We show how trends in demography and in several local and global anthropogenic stressors are progressively degrading capacity of coastal waters to sustain these people. Far more effective approaches to environmental management are needed if the loss in provision of ecosystem goods and services is to be stemmed. We propose expanded use of marine spatial planning as a framework for more effective, pragmatic management based on ocean zones to accommodate conflicting uses. This would force the holistic, regional-scale reconciliation of food security, livelihoods, and conservation that is needed. Transforming how countries manage coastal resources will require major change in policy and politics, implemented with sufficient flexibility to accommodate societal variations. Achieving this change is a major challenge - one that affects the lives of one fifth of humanity.
超过13亿人生活在热带海岸，主要分布在发展中国家。许多人依靠邻近的沿海水域获取食物和维持生计。我们展示了人口趋势以及若干本地和全球人为压力源如何逐渐削弱沿海水域维持这些人口生计的能力。如果要阻止生态系统产品和服务供应的损失，就需要更有效的环境管理方法。我们建议扩大海洋空间规划的应用，将其作为一个框架，以基于海洋区域进行更有效、务实的管理，从而兼顾相互冲突的用途。这将促使在粮食安全、生计和保护方面进行必要的整体、区域层面的协调。转变各国管理沿海资源的方式需要政策和政治上的重大变革，并具备足够的灵活性以适应社会差异。实现这一变革是一项重大挑战——一项影响着五分之一人类生活的挑战。
