Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Sète, France.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 24;12(1):8787. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12409-9.
Tropical marine ecosystems are highly biodiverse and provide resources for small-scale fisheries and tourism. However, precise information on fish spatial distribution is lacking, which limits our ability to reconcile exploitation and conservation. We combined acoustics to video observations to provide a comprehensive description of fish distribution in a typical tropical environment, the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA) off Northeast Brazil. We identified and classified all acoustic echoes into ten fish assemblage and two triggerfish species. This opened up the possibility to relate the different spatial patterns to a series of environmental factors and the level of protection. We provide the first biomass estimation of the black triggerfish Melichthys niger, a key tropical player. By comparing the effects of euphotic and mesophotic reefs we show that more than the depth, the most important feature is the topography with the shelf-break as the most important hotspot. We also complete the portrait of the island mass effect revealing a clear spatial dissymmetry regarding fish distribution. Indeed, while primary productivity is higher downstream, fish concentrate upstream. The comprehensive fish distribution provided by our approach is directly usable to implement scientific-grounded Marine Spatial Planning.
热带海洋生态系统具有高度的生物多样性，并为小规模渔业和旅游业提供资源。然而，鱼类空间分布的准确信息却很缺乏，这限制了我们在开发利用和保护之间进行协调的能力。我们结合声学和视频观测，对巴西东北部费尔南多-迪诺罗尼亚群岛（FNA）这一典型热带环境中的鱼类分布进行了全面描述。我们将所有声学回波识别并分类为十种鱼类组合和两种鹦嘴鱼物种。这为我们将不同的空间模式与一系列环境因素和保护程度联系起来提供了可能。我们提供了黑鳍鲷 Melichthys niger 的首次生物量估计，这是一种关键的热带鱼类。通过比较透光层和中层礁的影响，我们表明，最重要的不是深度，而是地形，其中陆架坡是最重要的热点。我们还完成了岛屿质量效应的描述，揭示了鱼类分布的明显空间不对称性。事实上，虽然下游的初级生产力较高，但鱼类却集中在上游。我们的方法提供的综合鱼类分布可直接用于实施基于科学的海洋空间规划。
