Sirri Rubina, Bianco Carlo, De Vico Gionata, Carella Francesca, Bonaldo Alessio, Sarli Giuseppe, Tondini Giada, Mandrioli Luciana
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
BMC Vet Res. 2014 Jul 4;10:148. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-148.
The evaluation of intestinal trophism, mainly the mucosal layer, is an important issue in various conditions associated with injury, atrophy, recovery, and healing of the gut. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the kinetics of the proliferation and apoptosis of enterocytes by immunohistochemistry and to assess the complexity of intestinal mucosa by fractal dimension (FD) analysis in Solea solea fed different experimental diets.
Histomorphological evaluation of all intestinal segments did not show signs of degeneration or inflammation. Cell proliferation index and FD were significantly reduced with a diet high in mussel meal (MM; p = 0.0034 and p = 0.01063, respectively), while apoptotic index did not show any significant difference for the same comparison (p = 0.3859). Linear regression analysis between apoptotic index (independent variable) and FD (dependent variable) showed a statistically significant inverse relationship (p = 0.002528). Linear regression analysis between cell proliferation index (independent variable) and FD (dependent variable) did not show any significant correlation (p = 0.131582).
The results demonstrated that diets containing increasing levels of mussel meal in substitution of fishmeal did not incite a hyperplastic response of the intestinal mucosa. The mussel meal, which is derived from molluscs, could mimic the characteristics of the sole's natural prey, being readily digestible, even without increasing the absorptive surface of intestinal mucosa. Interestingly, from this study emerged that FD could be used as a numeric indicator complementary to in situ quantification methods to measure intestinal trophism, in conjunction with functional parameters.
肠道营养状况的评估，主要是黏膜层的评估，是与肠道损伤、萎缩、恢复和愈合相关的各种情况下的一个重要问题。本研究的目的是通过免疫组织化学评估肠上皮细胞增殖和凋亡的动力学，并通过分形维数（FD）分析评估食用不同实验性饲料的舌鳎肠道黏膜的复杂性。
所有肠段的组织形态学评估均未显示退化或炎症迹象。贻贝粉（MM）含量高的饲料组细胞增殖指数和FD显著降低（分别为p = 0.0034和p = 0.01063），而相同比较下凋亡指数未显示任何显著差异（p = 0.3859）。凋亡指数（自变量）与FD（因变量）之间的线性回归分析显示出统计学上显著的负相关关系（p = 0.002528）。细胞增殖指数（自变量）与FD（因变量）之间的线性回归分析未显示任何显著相关性（p = 0.131582）。
结果表明，用贻贝粉替代鱼粉且含量增加的饲料不会引发肠道黏膜的增生反应。源自软体动物的贻贝粉可以模拟舌鳎天然猎物的特性，即使不增加肠道黏膜的吸收表面积也易于消化。有趣的是，从本研究中发现，FD可以作为一种数字指标，与功能参数一起，作为原位定量方法的补充来测量肠道营养状况。
