Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, (NCEZID), CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Strengthening Immunization Systems Branch, Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health (CGH), CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Neno District Health Office, Neno, Malawi; Community Health Services Unit, MOH, Lilongwe, Malawi; Global AIDS Program Malawi, Division of Global HIV AIDS, CGH, CDC, Lilongwe, Malawi; Office of the Director, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, NCEZID, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, (NCEZID), CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Strengthening Immunization Systems Branch, Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health (CGH), CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Neno District Health Office, Neno, Malawi; Community Health Services Unit, MOH, Lilongwe, Malawi; Global AIDS Program Malawi, Division of Global HIV AIDS, CGH, CDC, Lilongwe, Malawi; Office of the Director, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, NCEZID, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Oct;91(4):729-37. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0067. Epub 2014 Jul 7.
Typhoid fever affects an estimated 22 million people annually and causes 216,000 deaths worldwide. We conducted an investigation in August and September 2010 to examine the acceptability of typhoid vaccine in Neno District, Malawi where a typhoid outbreak was ongoing. We used qualitative methods, including freelisting exercises, key informant and in-depth interviews, and group discussions. Respondents associated illness with exposure to "bad wind," and transmission was believed to be airborne. Typhoid was considered extremely dangerous because of its rapid spread, the debilitating conditions it produced, the number of related fatalities, and the perception that it was highly contagious. Respondents were skeptical about the effectiveness of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) interventions. The perceived severity of typhoid and fear of exposure, uncertainty about the effectiveness of WaSH measures, and widespread belief in the efficacy of vaccines in preventing disease resulted in an overwhelming interest in receiving typhoid vaccine during an outbreak.
伤寒每年估计影响 2200 万人，并在全球造成 21.6 万人死亡。我们于 2010 年 8 月和 9 月在马拉维的内诺区进行了一项调查，以研究伤寒疫苗在当地的可接受性，当时当地正在爆发伤寒疫情。我们采用了定性方法，包括自由列表练习、关键知情人访谈和深入访谈以及小组讨论。受访者将疾病与接触“恶风”联系起来，并认为疾病是通过空气传播的。由于伤寒传播迅速、产生的虚弱状况、相关死亡人数以及人们认为它具有高度传染性，因此被认为极其危险。受访者对水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）干预措施的有效性持怀疑态度。伤寒的严重程度和对接触的恐惧、对 WASH 措施有效性的不确定性以及对疫苗在预防疾病方面的功效的广泛信念，导致人们在疫情爆发期间对接受伤寒疫苗产生了浓厚的兴趣。
