津巴布韦哈拉雷应对大规模伤寒热疫情的公共卫生行动期间家庭水处理的采用情况。
Household water treatment uptake during a public health response to a large typhoid fever outbreak in Harare, Zimbabwe.
作者信息
Imanishi Maho, Kweza Patience F, Slayton Rachel B, Urayai Tanaka, Ziro Odrie, Mushayi Wellington, Francis-Chizororo Monica, Kuonza Lazarus R, Ayers Tracy, Freeman Molly M, Govore Emmaculate, Duri Clemence, Chonzi Prosper, Mtapuri-Zinyowera Sekesai, Manangazira Portia, Kilmarx Peter H, Mintz Eric, Lantagne Daniele
机构信息
Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Field Epidemiology & Laboratory Training Program, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Safe Water Systems, Population Services International-Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Water Sanitation and Hygiene, Welthungerhilfe-Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Collaborating Centre for Operational Research and Evaluation, United Nations Children's Fund-Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; City of Harare Health Services Department, Harare, Zimbabwe; Laboratory Services, National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare Zimbabwe; Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.
出版信息
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014 May;90(5):945-54. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0497. Epub 2014 Mar 24.
Locally manufactured sodium hypochlorite (chlorine) solution has been sold in Zimbabwe since 2010. During October 1, 2011-April 30, 2012, 4,181 suspected and 52 confirmed cases of typhoid fever were identified in Harare. In response to this outbreak, chlorine tablets were distributed. To evaluate household water treatment uptake, we conducted a survey and water quality testing in 458 randomly selected households in two suburbs most affected by the outbreak. Although 75% of households were aware of chlorine solution and 85% received chlorine tablets, only 18% had reportedly treated stored water and had the recommended protective level of free chlorine residuals. Water treatment was more common among households that reported water treatment before the outbreak, and those that received free tablets during the outbreak (P < 0.01), but was not associated with chlorine solution awareness or use before the outbreak (P > 0.05). Outbreak response did not build on pre-existing prevention programs.
自2010年以来，津巴布韦一直在销售本地生产的次氯酸钠（氯）溶液。在2011年10月1日至2012年4月30日期间，哈拉雷确认了4181例疑似伤寒热病例和52例确诊病例。为应对此次疫情，发放了氯片。为评估家庭水处理的采用情况，我们在受疫情影响最严重的两个郊区随机抽取了458户家庭进行了调查和水质检测。尽管75%的家庭知晓氯溶液，85%的家庭收到了氯片，但据报告只有18%的家庭对储存水进行了处理，且游离氯残留量达到了推荐的防护水平。在疫情爆发前就报告进行水处理的家庭以及在疫情期间收到免费片剂的家庭中，水处理更为普遍（P<0.01），但与疫情爆发前对氯溶液的知晓或使用情况无关（P>0.05）。疫情应对措施没有基于现有的预防计划。
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