Horwitz Anna, Horwitz Henrik
J Insur Med. 2014;44(1):49-52.
In 2003 major reforms of the public pension system in Denmark were implemented. The aim was to reduce the number of early retirees. Focus was changed from limitations to abilities and flexible jobs (flex-jobs) were introduced. However, the criteria for invalidity pensions (IP) in the private sector remained unchanged according to the policies. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of IP in a member owned pension fund-before and after the pension reforms. Furthermore we analyzed the distribution of diagnoses that led to IP and with which mortality these were related.
A prospective design was used. All the applications for IP in Finanssektorens Pensionskasse (FSP) in the period from January 1, 1997 to May 1, 2009 were registered continuously. In total, 317 persons were granted IP.
Thirty percent of payouts were related psychiatric disorders, 18% were due to cancer and 52% to other somatic disorders. The mortality for cancer patients was significantly higher than those with other diagnoses. The incidence of IP in FSP was about one third compared to the background population. The incidence of IP peaked in 2001 and 2007 to 2009.
We were not able to detect any positive effects from the pension reform, and this corresponds with studies from the Danish public sector. The Danish pension reform was unsuccessful in reducing the number of early retirees, and created a new government supported group of flex-jobber. Future reforms need to coordinate politics and policies.
2003年丹麦公共养老金体系实施了重大改革。目的是减少提前退休人员的数量。重点从限制因素转向能力因素，并引入了灵活工作（弹性工作）。然而，根据政策，私营部门的病残抚恤金（IP）标准保持不变。本研究的目的是分析养老金改革前后一个成员所有的养老基金中IP的发生率。此外，我们分析了导致IP的诊断分布情况以及与之相关的死亡率。
采用前瞻性设计。对1997年1月1日至2009年5月1日期间金融部门养老基金（FSP）中所有的IP申请进行持续登记。共有317人获得了IP。
30%的赔付与精神疾病有关，18%是由于癌症，52%是由于其他躯体疾病。癌症患者的死亡率显著高于其他诊断的患者。FSP中IP的发生率与背景人群相比约为三分之一。IP的发生率在2001年以及2007年至2009年达到峰值。
我们未能发现养老金改革带来的任何积极影响，这与丹麦公共部门的研究结果一致。丹麦的养老金改革在减少提前退休人员数量方面并不成功，并且造就了一个新的由政府支持的弹性工作者群体。未来的改革需要协调政治和政策。
