Genchwere Joseph M, Kasanga Christopher J
Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Mwanza.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2014 Apr 23;81(2):E1-4. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v81i2.724.
This study was conducted to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) serotypes and evaluate the awareness of livestock keepers about FMD in Tanzania. An observational prospective study involving serological analysis, FMDV antigen detection and questionnaire survey was carried out in the lake zone of Tanzania. Seroprevalence of antibodies to the nonstructural protein 3ABC of FMDV and serotype-specific antigen detection were investigated by using SVANOVIR® FMDV 3ABC-Ab ELISA and indirect-sandwich ELISA (sELISA), respectively, whilst a structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the awareness of livestock keepers about FMD. During the period of 2010-2011, both serum and tissue (foot-and-mouth epithelia) samples were collected from cattle suspected of FMD in 13 districts of the four regions of the lake zone. A total of 107 (80.5%) out of 133 tested serum samples were seropositive to nonstructural protein 3ABC, with at least one sample being positive from all 10 districts screened. Fifteen (53.6%) out of 28 tissue epithelial samples collected from FMD cases in eight districts during the course of this study were positive to serotype O FMDV antigen. Of these eight districts, serotype O FMDV antigens were detected from seven districts and no other serotypes were recovered from animal samples screened. Questionnaire surveys in six districts indicated that livestock keepers in the lake zone were aware of the clinical manifestations (26/29 = 90.0%) and economic impact (23/29 = 79.0%) of FMD in the region. The questionnaire data showed that FMD outbreaks often occurred after rainy seasons (22/29 = 75.9%), with the highest peaks predominantly occurring just after the long rains in May and June, and at the end of the short rains in November and December of each year. The spatial distribution of the FMD cases suggested that serotype O virus exposure was the only widespread cause of the 2010-2011 outbreaks in the lake zone.
本研究旨在确定坦桑尼亚口蹄疫（FMD）病毒（FMDV）血清型的时空分布，并评估牲畜饲养者对FMD的认知情况。在坦桑尼亚湖区开展了一项涉及血清学分析、FMDV抗原检测和问卷调查的观察性前瞻性研究。分别使用SVANOVIR® FMDV 3ABC-Ab ELISA和间接夹心ELISA（sELISA）检测FMDV非结构蛋白3ABC抗体的血清阳性率和血清型特异性抗原，同时使用结构化问卷评估牲畜饲养者对FMD的认知情况。在2010 - 2011年期间，从湖区四个地区13个区疑似感染FMD的牛身上采集血清和组织（口蹄疫上皮组织）样本。在133份检测血清样本中，共有107份（80.5%）对非结构蛋白3ABC呈血清阳性，在所有筛查的10个区中至少有一个样本呈阳性。在本研究过程中，从8个区的FMD病例采集的28份组织上皮样本中，有15份（53.6%）对O型FMDV抗原呈阳性。在这8个区中，从7个区检测到O型FMDV抗原，在筛查的动物样本中未发现其他血清型。在6个区进行的问卷调查表明，湖区的牲畜饲养者知晓该地区FMD的临床表现（26/29 = 90.0%）和经济影响（23/29 = 79.0%）。问卷数据显示，FMD疫情常在雨季过后发生（22/29 = 75.9%），每年的最高峰主要出现在5月和6月的长雨季之后，以及11月和12月的短雨季结束时。FMD病例的空间分布表明，O型病毒暴露是2010 - 2011年湖区疫情爆发的唯一广泛原因。
