Pulmonary Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Physics and Medical Technology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Pulm Circ. 2014 Jun;4(2):158-68. doi: 10.1086/675978.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by remodeling and vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vasculature, ultimately leading to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Recent developments in echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography allow advanced, noninvasive, in vivo assessment of the RV and have contributed to the identification of risk factors, prognostic factors, and monitoring of therapeutic responses in patients with PAH. Although far from reaching its future potential, these techniques have not only provided global RV assessment but also allowed evaluation of changes in cellular and molecular tissue processes, such as metabolism, oxygen balance and ischemia, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Integrated application of these techniques could provide full insights into the different pathophysiological aspects of a failing RV in the setting of PAH. Recent advances in hybrid imaging have implemented simultaneous measurements of myocardial and vascular interactions and will be one of the most important potential future developments.
肺动脉高压（PAH）是一种进行性疾病，其特征为肺血管重塑和血管收缩，最终导致右心室（RV）衰竭和死亡。超声心动图、心血管磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描和正电子发射断层扫描的最新进展可实现 RV 的先进、非侵入性、体内评估，并有助于识别 PAH 患者的风险因素、预后因素和治疗反应监测。尽管远未达到其未来的潜力，但这些技术不仅提供了整体 RV 评估，还允许评估细胞和分子组织过程的变化，如代谢、氧平衡和缺血、血管生成和细胞凋亡。这些技术的综合应用可以全面了解 PAH 中衰竭 RV 的不同病理生理方面。混合成像的最新进展已经实现了心肌和血管相互作用的同步测量，这将是未来最重要的潜在发展之一。
