*Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Human Identification Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea; †Department of Anatomy, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea; ‡Creamy Clinic, Seoul, South Korea; §Madeira School, McLean, Virginia.
Dermatol Surg. 2014 Aug;40(8):858-63. doi: 10.1111/dsu.0000000000000063.
The zygomaticus minor muscle (Zmi) is involved in the expression of many different facial emotions. However, the details of its insertion pattern and morphology are not well described.
The aim of this study was to clarify the morphology and insertion pattern of the Zmi, and to provide clinical anatomic information that will help elucidate its roles in animation.
Fifty-four embalmed adult hemifaces (18 men and 12 women; mean age, 67.4 years) from 30 cadavers were used in this study. The dissection was performed with the aid of a surgical microscope.
This muscle could be classified into 3 types (A-C). Type A, in which the Zmi attached only to the upper lip, was observed in 63.0% of cases (34/54) and could be subdivided into 2 types: straight (A-1; 31.5%, 17 cases) and curved (A-2; 31.5%, 17 cases). Type B, in which the Zmi was attached to both the upper lip and the lateral alar region, occurred in 27.8% of cases (15/54). In Type C (9.2% of cases, 5/54), there was either no or only undeveloped Zmi fibers.
The present finding of Zmi fibers being attached to the alar region in many cases (27.8%) suggests that this muscle is involved in elevation of both the nose ala and upper lip during various facial animations.
颧小肌（Zmi）参与多种不同的面部表情表达。然而，其插入模式和形态的细节尚未得到很好的描述。
本研究旨在阐明 Zmi 的形态和插入模式，并提供有助于阐明其在动画中的作用的临床解剖学信息。
本研究使用了 30 具尸体的 54 个防腐成人半面（18 名男性和 12 名女性；平均年龄 67.4 岁）。解剖是在手术显微镜的帮助下进行的。
该肌肉可分为 3 型（A-C）。仅附着在上唇的 Zmi （A 型）在 63.0%（34/54）的病例中观察到，并可进一步细分为 2 型：直型（A-1；31.5%，17 例）和曲型（A-2；31.5%，17 例）。Zmi 附着在上唇和鼻翼外侧区的 B 型（27.8%，15/54）。C 型（9.2%，5/54）中，要么没有 Zmi 纤维，要么只有未发育的 Zmi 纤维。
本研究发现许多情况下（27.8%）Zmi 纤维附着在鼻翼区，提示该肌肉参与了各种面部动画中鼻翼和上唇的抬高。
