Liu Xiaoyu, Zhang Xiaodong, Wei Yongwei
Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2014 Apr 4;54(4):376-82.
For most viruses in Paramyxoviridae, cell fusion requires both attachment protein and fusion protein. The attachment protein is responsible for the binding to its cognate receptors, while the interaction between fusion protein and attachment protein triggers the fusion protein which is responsible for the fusion. However, the Metapneumovirus fusion in Pneumovirinae subfamily displayed different mechanism where the attachment protein is not required. The cell fusion is accomplished by fusion protein alone without the help of the attachment protein. Recent studies indicate that low pH is required for cell fusion promoted by some hMPV strains. The fusion protein of aMPV type A is highly fusogenic, whereas that of type B is low. The original fusion models for Paramyxovirus cannot explain the phenomenon above. The mechanism to regulate the cell fusion of Metapneumovirus is poorly understood. It is becoming a hot spot for the study of cell fusion triggered by Paramyxovirus where it enlarged the traditional scope of Paramyxovirus fusion. In this review, we discuss the new achievements and advances in the understanding of cell fusion triggered by Metapneumovirus.
对于副粘病毒科的大多数病毒而言，细胞融合需要附着蛋白和融合蛋白。附着蛋白负责与同源受体结合，而融合蛋白与附着蛋白之间的相互作用会触发负责融合的融合蛋白。然而，肺炎病毒亚科中的偏肺病毒融合表现出不同的机制，即不需要附着蛋白。细胞融合仅由融合蛋白完成，无需附着蛋白的帮助。最近的研究表明，一些人偏肺病毒（hMPV）毒株促进的细胞融合需要低pH值。A型禽偏肺病毒（aMPV）的融合蛋白具有高度融合性，而B型的融合蛋白融合性较低。副粘病毒原有的融合模型无法解释上述现象。人们对偏肺病毒调节细胞融合的机制了解甚少。它正成为副粘病毒引发的细胞融合研究的热点，拓宽了副粘病毒融合的传统范畴。在本综述中，我们讨论了在理解偏肺病毒引发的细胞融合方面取得的新成就和进展。
