Allik Jüri, Toom Mai, Rauk Marika
Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia,
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2014 Nov;76(8):2575-83. doi: 10.3758/s13414-014-0717-0.
In a bull's-eye acuity task, we asked observers to identify in which direction, to the left or the right, a spot had been displaced from the center of a circle and-after that, in the same trial-to detect which of the two presented circles contained the displaced spot. Replicating our previous findings (Allik, Dzhafarov, & Rauk, 1982), the spatial offset direction identification probability was higher than the probability with which the correct observation interval could be detected. All data were explained by a Thurstonian model, according to which the spatial positions of both spots are projected onto an internal axis of representation as two random numbers, x and y, drawn from a random distribution with a fixed standard deviation ς (final sigma). The observed identification and detection probabilities were accurately reproduced, provided that the observer tested two different inequalities: x + y > 0 for the identification, and x (2) - y (2) > 0 for the detection. In order to eliminate small discrepancies between the predicted and the observed data, we proposed that the positional error increases with increasing distance from the center of the annulus. It was concluded that, to explain the superiority of the identification over the detection effect, there is no need to propose separate axes of representation for mono- and bipolar information, as is usually postulated in double-judgment psychophysics.
在一项靶心视力任务中，我们要求观察者识别一个点从圆心向左或向右偏移的方向，然后在同一次试验中，检测两个呈现的圆中哪一个包含了偏移的点。重复我们之前的研究结果（阿利克、贾法罗夫和劳克，1982年），空间偏移方向识别概率高于能够检测到正确观察间隔的概率。所有数据都由一个瑟斯顿模型解释，根据该模型，两个点的空间位置作为从具有固定标准差ς（最终西格玛）的随机分布中抽取的两个随机数x和y，投影到一个内部表征轴上。只要观察者测试两个不同的不等式：用于识别的x + y > 0，以及用于检测的x² - y² > 0，就能准确再现观察到的识别和检测概率。为了消除预测数据和观察数据之间的小差异，我们提出位置误差随着与环形中心距离的增加而增加。得出的结论是，为了解释识别优于检测效应的现象，无需像双判断心理物理学中通常假设的那样，为单极和双极信息提出单独的表征轴。
