Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse , UOS Napoli -CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy,
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2014 Dec;10(6):802-19. doi: 10.1007/s12015-014-9528-x.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells, combining self-renewal ability with wide range tissue-specific cell differentiation, represent one of the most powerful model systems in basic research, drug discovery and biomedical applications. In the field of drug development, ES cells are instrumental in high-throughput/content screening (HTS/HCS) for the evaluation of large compound libraries to test biological activity and toxic properties. Since it is a high priority to test new compounds in vitro, before starting animal and human treatments, there is an increasing demand for new in vitro models that can be used in HTS/HCS to facilitate drug development. In order to achieve this objective, several methods for ES cell self-renewal or differentiation have been evaluated to assess their compatibility with HTS/HCS. This review describes protocols used to screen molecules able to maintain self-renewal or to induce differentiation in ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal, and their derivative cell lines.
胚胎干细胞（ES 细胞）兼具自我更新能力和广泛的组织特异性细胞分化能力，是基础研究、药物发现和生物医学应用中最强大的模型系统之一。在药物开发领域，ES 细胞在高通量/大容量筛选（HTS/HCS）中发挥了重要作用，用于评估大型化合物库，以测试生物活性和毒性。由于在开始动物和人体治疗之前，体外测试新化合物是当务之急，因此需要新的体外模型来进行 HTS/HCS，以促进药物开发。为了实现这一目标，已经评估了几种 ES 细胞自我更新或分化的方法，以评估它们与 HTS/HCS 的兼容性。本文综述了筛选能够维持自我更新或诱导外胚层、中胚层、内胚层及其衍生细胞系分化的分子的方法。
