Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015;386:73-107. doi: 10.1007/82_2014_400.
The non-structural protein 1 of influenza virus (NS1) is a relatively small polypeptide with an outstanding number of ascribed functions. NS1 is the main viral antagonist of the innate immune response during influenza virus infection, chiefly by inhibiting the type I interferon system at multiple steps. As such, its role is critical to overcome the first barrier the host presents to halt the viral infection. However, the pro-viral activities of this well-studied protein go far beyond and include regulation of viral RNA and protein synthesis, and disruption of the host cell homeostasis by dramatically affecting general gene expression while tweaking the PI3K signaling network. Because of all of this, NS1 is a key virulence factor that impacts influenza pathogenesis, and adaptation to new hosts, making it an attractive target for control strategies. Here, we will overview the many roles that have been ascribed to the NS1 protein, and give insights into the sequence features and structural properties that make them possible, highlighting the need to understand how NS1 can actually perform all of these functions during viral infection.
流感病毒的非结构蛋白 1（NS1）是一个相对较小的多肽，具有许多被赋予的功能。NS1 是流感病毒感染期间固有免疫反应的主要病毒拮抗剂，主要通过在多个步骤中抑制 I 型干扰素系统来发挥作用。因此，它在克服宿主阻止病毒感染的第一道屏障方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，这种经过充分研究的蛋白质的促病毒活性远不止于此，包括调节病毒 RNA 和蛋白质合成，以及通过显著影响一般基因表达和调整 PI3K 信号网络来破坏宿主细胞的内稳态。正因为如此，NS1 是影响流感发病机制和适应新宿主的关键毒力因子，使其成为控制策略的一个有吸引力的目标。在这里，我们将概述已被赋予 NS1 蛋白的许多作用，并深入了解使这些作用成为可能的序列特征和结构特性，强调需要了解 NS1 如何在病毒感染期间实际执行所有这些功能。
