Chidley Joel B, MacGregor Alexandra L, Martin Caoimhe, Arthur Calum A, Macdonald Jamie H
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent UK.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 Mar;10(2):183-90. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0135. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
To identify physiological, psychological, and skill characteristics that explain performance in downhill (DH) mountain-bike racing.
Four studies were used to (1) identify factors potentially contributing to DH performance (using an expert focus group), (2) develop and validate a measure of rider skill (using video analysis and expert judge evaluation), (3) evaluate whether physiological, psychological, and skill variables contribute to performance at a DH competition, and (4) test the specific contribution of aerobic capacity to DH performance.
STUDY 1 identified aerobic capacity, handgrip endurance, anaerobic power, rider skill, and self-confidence as potentially important for DH. In study 2 the rider-skill measure displayed good interrater reliability. Study 3 found that rider skill and handgrip endurance were significantly related to DH ride time (β=-0.76 and -0.14, respectively; R2=.73), with exploratory analyses suggesting that DH ride time may also be influenced by self-confidence and aerobic capacity. Study 4 confirmed aerobic capacity as an important variable influencing DH performance (for a DH ride, mean oxygen uptake was 49±5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), and 90% of the ride was completed above the 1st ventilatory threshold).
In order of importance, rider skill, handgrip endurance, self-confidence, and aerobic capacity were identified as variables influencing DH performance. Practically, this study provides a novel assessment of rider skill that could be used by coaches to monitor training and identify talent. Novel intervention targets to enhance DH performance were also identified, including self-confidence and aerobic capacity.
确定能够解释下坡山地自行车赛表现的生理、心理和技能特征。
四项研究用于（1）识别可能对下坡赛表现有贡献的因素（使用专家焦点小组），（2）开发并验证一项车手技能测量方法（使用视频分析和专家评判评估），（3）评估生理、心理和技能变量是否对下坡赛比赛表现有贡献，以及（4）测试有氧能力对下坡赛表现的具体贡献。
研究1确定有氧能力、握力耐力、无氧功率、车手技能和自信心对下坡赛可能很重要。在研究2中，车手技能测量方法显示出良好的评分者间信度。研究3发现车手技能和握力耐力与下坡赛骑行时间显著相关（β分别为-0.76和-0.14；R2 = 0.73），探索性分析表明下坡赛骑行时间也可能受自信心和有氧能力影响。研究4证实有氧能力是影响下坡赛表现的一个重要变量（对于一次下坡赛骑行，平均摄氧量为49±5 mL·kg-1·min-1，且90%的骑行是在第一通气阈值以上完成的）。
按重要性排序，车手技能、握力耐力、自信心和有氧能力被确定为影响下坡赛表现的变量。实际上，本研究提供了一种新的车手技能评估方法，教练可用于监测训练和识别人才。还确定了提高下坡赛表现的新干预目标，包括自信心和有氧能力。
