Craig A Morrie, Blythe Linda L, Duringer Jennifer M
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and ‡Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Jul 30;62(30):7376-81. doi: 10.1021/jf5027229. Epub 2014 Jul 17.
The Oregon State University Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Sciences instituted the Endophyte Service Laboratory to aid in diagnosing toxicity problems associated with cool-season grasses in livestock. The endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophalum) present in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) produces ergopeptine alkaloids, of which ergovaline is the molecule used to determine exposure and toxicity thresholds for the vasoconstrictive conditions "fescue foot" and "summer slump". Another vasoconstrictive syndrome, "ergotism," is caused by a parasitic fungus, Claviceps purpurea, and its primary toxin, ergotamine. "Ryegrass staggers" is a neurological condition that affects livestock consuming endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii)-infected perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with high levels of lolitrem B. HPLC-fluorescent analytical methods for these mycotoxins are described and were used to determine threshold levels of toxicity for ergovaline and lolitrem B in cattle, sheep, horses, and camels. In addition, six clinical cases in cattle are presented to illustrate diagnosis of these three diseases.
俄勒冈州立大学兽医学院和农业科学学院设立了内生菌服务实验室，以协助诊断与家畜冷季草相关的毒性问题。高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）中存在的内生菌（Neotyphodium coenophalum）会产生麦角肽生物碱，其中麦角缬氨酸是用于确定血管收缩性疾病“羊茅蹄叶炎”和“夏季生长迟缓”的暴露和毒性阈值的分子。另一种血管收缩综合征“麦角中毒”是由寄生真菌麦角菌（Claviceps purpurea）及其主要毒素麦角胺引起的。“黑麦草蹒跚病”是一种神经疾病，影响食用了含有高含量洛替米B的内生菌（Neotyphodium lolii）感染的多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne）的家畜。本文描述了这些霉菌毒素的高效液相色谱-荧光分析方法，并用于确定牛、羊、马和骆驼中麦角缬氨酸和洛替米B的毒性阈值水平。此外，还介绍了6例牛的临床病例，以说明这三种疾病的诊断方法。
