神经胶质细胞的发育：中枢神经系统再生与修复的交汇点。
Glial development: the crossroads of regeneration and repair in the CNS.
机构信息
Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Department of Neuroscience and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
出版信息
Neuron. 2014 Jul 16;83(2):283-308. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.010.
Given the complexities of the mammalian CNS, its regeneration is viewed as the holy grail of regenerative medicine. Extraordinary efforts have been made to understand developmental neurogenesis, with the hopes of clinically applying this knowledge. CNS regeneration also involves glia, which comprises at least 50% of the cellular constituency of the brain and is involved in all forms of injury and disease response, recovery, and regeneration. Recent developmental studies have given us unprecedented insight into the processes that regulate the generation of CNS glia. Because restorative processes often parallel those found in development, we will peer through the lens of developmental gliogenesis to gain a clearer understanding of the processes that underlie glial regeneration under pathological conditions. Specifically, this review will focus on key signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte and oligodendrocyte development and describe how these mechanisms are reutilized in these populations during regeneration and repair after CNS injury.
鉴于哺乳动物中枢神经系统的复杂性，其再生被视为再生医学的圣杯。人们付出了巨大的努力来理解发育神经发生，希望将这方面的知识应用于临床。中枢神经系统再生还涉及神经胶质，它至少占大脑细胞成分的 50%，并参与所有形式的损伤和疾病反应、恢复和再生。最近的发育研究使我们对调节中枢神经系统神经胶质生成的过程有了前所未有的了解。由于恢复过程通常与发育过程相似，我们将通过发育神经发生的视角，更清楚地了解在病理条件下神经胶质再生的基础过程。具体来说，本综述将重点介绍调节星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞发育的关键信号通路，并描述这些机制在中枢神经系统损伤后的再生和修复过程中如何在这些细胞群体中重新被利用。
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