Jenner F, van Osch G J V M, Weninger W, Geyer S, Stout T, van Weeren R, Brama P
Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Equine Vet J. 2015 Sep;47(5):620-2. doi: 10.1111/evj.12321. Epub 2014 Sep 10.
Articular cartilage regeneration is the focus and goal of considerable research effort. Since articular chondrocytes descend from a distinct cohort of progenitor cells located in embryonic nascent joints (interzones), establishing the timing of equine interzone formation is an essential first step towards understanding equine joint and articular cartilage development.
To establish the time frame during which the equine femorotibial interzone forms.
Descriptive anatomical study.
Equine embryos were harvested at 37 (E37), 40, 42, 45, 50 and 65 days' gestation. The femorotibial interzone was examined using high-resolution episcopic microscopy of E37, E42, E45, E50 and E65. Additional histology and collagen-II-immunohistochemistry were performed on E42.
At E37, the femorotibial interzone is first visible as a uniform layer, while at E42 the interzone is fully formed and consists of 3 morphologically distinct layers. The first evidence of cavitation was seen at E45. At E50, the cruciate ligaments were well formed and by E65, joint formation appeared complete.
The embryogenesis of the equine femorotibial joint is similar to the developmental timeline of stage-matched human and murine embryos. Further studies looking at interzone formation on a cellular and molecular level may further our understanding of the intricate developmental patterns and pathways of articular cartilage development.
关节软骨再生是大量研究工作的重点和目标。由于关节软骨细胞源自位于胚胎新生关节（中间带）的一群独特的祖细胞，确定马中间带形成的时间是理解马关节和关节软骨发育的关键第一步。
确定马股胫关节中间带形成的时间范围。
描述性解剖学研究。
采集妊娠37天（E37）、40天、42天、45天、50天和65天的马胚胎。使用高分辨率体表显微镜对E37、E42、E45、E50和E65的股胫关节中间带进行检查。对E42样本进行额外的组织学检查和II型胶原免疫组织化学分析。
在E37时，股胫关节中间带首次可见为一层均匀的组织，而在E42时，中间带已完全形成，由3个形态不同的层组成。在E45时首次出现空化迹象。在E50时，交叉韧带已发育良好，到E65时，关节形成似乎已完成。
马股胫关节的胚胎发生与阶段匹配的人类和小鼠胚胎的发育时间线相似。进一步在细胞和分子水平上研究中间带的形成可能会加深我们对关节软骨发育复杂的发育模式和途径的理解。
