Johne Reimar, Dremsek Paul, Reetz Jochen, Heckel Gerald, Hess Michael, Ulrich Rainer G
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Oct;27:212-29. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.024. Epub 2014 Jul 19.
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) was first identified in 1990, although hepatitis E-like diseases in humans have been recorded for a long time dating back to the 18th century. The HEV genotypes 1-4 have been subsequently detected in human hepatitis E cases with different geographical distribution and different modes of transmission. Genotypes 3 and 4 have been identified in parallel in pigs, wild boars and other animal species and their zoonotic potential has been confirmed. Until 2010, these genotypes along with avian HEV strains infecting chicken were the only known representatives of the family Hepeviridae. Thereafter, additional HEV-related viruses have been detected in wild boars, distinct HEV-like viruses were identified in rats, rabbit, ferret, mink, fox, bats and moose, and a distantly related agent was described from closely related salmonid fish. This review summarizes the characteristics of the so far known HEV-like viruses, their phylogenetic relationship, host association and proposed involvement in diseases. Based on the reviewed knowledge, a suggestion for a new taxonomic grouping scheme of the viruses within the family Hepeviridae is presented.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）于1990年首次被发现，尽管人类中的戊型肝炎样疾病早在18世纪就有记录。随后在具有不同地理分布和不同传播方式的人类戊型肝炎病例中检测到了HEV基因型1-4。基因型3和4已在猪、野猪和其他动物物种中同时被鉴定出来，并且它们的人畜共患病潜力已得到证实。直到2010年，这些基因型以及感染鸡的禽HEV毒株是戊型肝炎病毒科仅有的已知代表。此后，在野猪中检测到了其他与HEV相关的病毒，在大鼠、兔子、雪貂、水貂、狐狸、蝙蝠和驼鹿中鉴定出了不同的HEV样病毒，并且从亲缘关系密切的鲑科鱼类中描述了一种亲缘关系较远的病原体。这篇综述总结了目前已知的HEV样病毒的特征、它们的系统发育关系、宿主关联以及在疾病中的可能作用。基于所综述的知识，提出了戊型肝炎病毒科内病毒新分类分组方案的建议。
