Cynamon M H, Klemens S P
State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse.
Clin Chest Med. 1989 Sep;10(3):355-64.
Development of new antimycobacterial agents has gained impetus from the frequent occurrence of disseminated M. avium complex infections associated with the AIDS epidemic and the resurgence of tuberculosis. Promising new agents are being developed by modification of existing antimycobacterial agents (for example, aminoglycosides, macrolides, beta-lactams, and rifamycins) and by development of new therapeutic classes of drugs (for example, 4-quinolones). In addition, new drug delivery systems (liposome encapsulation) and immunomodulators may prove to be clinically useful in the treatment of some mycobacterial infections. New antimycobacterial agents will likely have their greatest impact on nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases because this is the area in which improved therapy is most needed. The specific role for new agents will be established only after more extensive study in animal models of mycobacterial infection is followed by controlled, randomized clinical trials.
与艾滋病流行相关的播散性鸟分枝杆菌复合体感染的频繁发生以及结核病的再度流行，推动了新型抗分枝杆菌药物的研发。通过对现有抗分枝杆菌药物（如氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类和利福霉素）进行修饰以及开发新的治疗类别药物（如4-喹诺酮类），正在研发有前景的新型药物。此外，新的药物递送系统（脂质体包封）和免疫调节剂可能在某些分枝杆菌感染的治疗中被证明具有临床实用性。新型抗分枝杆菌药物可能对非结核分枝杆菌疾病产生最大影响，因为这是最需要改进治疗的领域。只有在分枝杆菌感染动物模型中进行更广泛研究，随后开展对照、随机临床试验之后，才能确定新型药物的具体作用。
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