Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Stress Health. 2014 Aug;30(3):198-208. doi: 10.1002/smi.2595.
The present study aimed to shed light on the role of satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence in the recovery process during free evening hours. We examined to what extent (1) need satisfaction during free evening hours contributed to employees' recovery status before bedtime and (2) employees' recovery status at the end of the workday affected their subsequent need satisfaction. Vigour and (low) anxiety were included as indicators of recovery. Data were collected by means of a 5-day daily diary study (two measurements daily: at the end of the workday and before bedtime) among 64 participants. Multilevel analyses showed that need satisfaction during free evening hours was related to an improved recovery status (i.e. increased levels of vigour and decreased levels of anxiety) before bedtime. Furthermore, results showed that employees with a lower recovery status at the end of their workday reported less need satisfaction during the subsequent free evening. With these results, it can be concluded that employees who would benefit the most from satisfaction of their basic psychological needs have the least resources available to actually achieve this satisfaction.
本研究旨在探讨自主、关联和胜任感这三种基本心理需求的满足在自由晚间时间的恢复过程中的作用。我们考察了在多大程度上：（1）自由晚间时间的需求满足有助于员工入睡前的恢复状态；（2）员工在工作日结束时的恢复状态影响他们随后的需求满足。活力和（低）焦虑被作为恢复的指标。研究数据是通过对 64 名参与者进行为期 5 天的每日日记研究（每天两次测量：在工作日结束时和入睡前）收集的。多层次分析表明，自由晚间时间的需求满足与入睡前恢复状态的改善有关（即活力水平提高，焦虑水平降低）。此外，结果还表明，在工作日结束时恢复状态较低的员工在随后的自由晚间时间报告的需求满足感较低。有了这些结果，可以得出结论，那些最需要满足基本心理需求的员工，实际上可用的资源最少，无法满足这些需求。
