Martínez-Castilla Pastora, Burt Michael, Borgatti Renato, Gagliardi Chiara
a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , Madrid , Spain.
Child Neuropsychol. 2015;21(5):668-92. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2014.945408. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
In this study both the matching and developmental trajectories approaches were used to clarify questions that remain open in the literature on facial emotion recognition in Williams syndrome (WS) and Down syndrome (DS). The matching approach showed that individuals with WS or DS exhibit neither proficiency for the expression of happiness nor specific impairments for negative emotions. Instead, they present the same pattern of emotion recognition as typically developing (TD) individuals. Thus, the better performance on the recognition of positive compared to negative emotions usually reported in WS and DS is not specific of these populations but seems to represent a typical pattern. Prior studies based on the matching approach suggested that the development of facial emotion recognition is delayed in WS and atypical in DS. Nevertheless, and even though performance levels were lower in DS than in WS, the developmental trajectories approach used in this study evidenced that not only individuals with DS but also those with WS present atypical development in facial emotion recognition. Unlike in the TD participants, where developmental changes were observed along with age, in the WS and DS groups, the development of facial emotion recognition was static. Both individuals with WS and those with DS reached an early maximum developmental level due to cognitive constraints.
在本研究中，匹配法和发展轨迹法都被用于阐明威廉姆斯综合征（WS）和唐氏综合征（DS）面部情绪识别文献中仍未解决的问题。匹配法表明，患有WS或DS的个体既没有表现出表达快乐的能力，也没有在负面情绪方面的特定缺陷。相反，他们呈现出与正常发育（TD）个体相同的情绪识别模式。因此，通常在WS和DS中报道的与负面情绪相比，对正面情绪识别表现更好的情况并非这些人群所特有，而似乎代表了一种典型模式。先前基于匹配法的研究表明，面部情绪识别的发展在WS中延迟，在DS中则是非典型的。然而，尽管DS组的表现水平低于WS组，但本研究中使用的发展轨迹法证明，不仅DS个体，而且WS个体在面部情绪识别方面都呈现出非典型发展。与TD参与者不同，TD参与者的发展变化随年龄而变化，而在WS和DS组中，面部情绪识别的发展是静态的。由于认知限制，患有WS和DS的个体都在早期达到了最大发展水平。
