Gilliver Stephen C, Sundquist Jan, Li Xinjun, Sundquist Kristina
1 Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University / Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
1 Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University / Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden2 Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Eur J Public Health. 2014 Aug;24 Suppl 1:72-9. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku101.
The arrival of large numbers of economic migrants and refugees has seen the Swedish immigrant population increase rapidly. Research has shown that immigrants may be more susceptible to mental disorders because of traumatic events prior to immigration and adverse circumstances in their new country. The aim of this literature review is to summarize and interpret recent research on the mental health of immigrants to Sweden.
A systematic search for relevant literature in PubMed was performed on 13 February 2014. Relevant literature was limited to original research articles published between 1 January 1994 and 13 February 2014. Content relating to mental disorders and suicide was reviewed and summarized.
Nationwide studies showed increased risks of common mental disorders such as depression, as well as psychotic disorders, in immigrants to Sweden compared to native Swedes. However, the results are complex, with notable differences between different immigrant groups and between males and females. Risk of suicide was increased in some immigrant groups, but decreased in others. There has been little qualitative research on the mental health of immigrants and few intervention studies have targeted immigrants.
Immigrants to Sweden are a mixed group with differing, but often increased, risks of mental disorders. Targeted qualitative and intervention studies may facilitate efforts to develop and implement preventive methods for immigrants at high risk of mental ill health, and to tailor treatment to the specific needs of different immigrant groups.
大量经济移民和难民的涌入使得瑞典移民人口迅速增加。研究表明，由于移民前的创伤性事件以及新国家的不利环境，移民可能更容易患上精神障碍。这篇文献综述的目的是总结和解读近期关于瑞典移民心理健康的研究。
于2014年2月13日在PubMed上系统检索相关文献。相关文献仅限于1994年1月1日至2014年2月13日发表的原创研究文章。对与精神障碍和自杀相关的内容进行了综述和总结。
全国性研究表明，与瑞典本土居民相比，瑞典移民患常见精神障碍（如抑郁症）以及精神分裂症的风险增加。然而，结果较为复杂，不同移民群体之间以及男性和女性之间存在显著差异。一些移民群体的自杀风险增加，但另一些则降低。关于移民心理健康的定性研究很少，针对移民的干预研究也很少。
瑞典移民是一个混合群体，患精神障碍的风险各不相同，但往往有所增加。有针对性的定性和干预研究可能有助于努力为心理健康风险高的移民制定和实施预防方法，并根据不同移民群体的具体需求调整治疗方案。
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