Ochoa Susana, Haro Josep Maria, Huerta-Ramos Elena, Cuevas-Esteban Jorge, Stephan-Otto Christian, Usall Judith, Nieto Lourdes, Brebion Gildas
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona.
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona.
Schizophr Res. 2014 Oct;159(1):211-7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.026. Epub 2014 Aug 10.
'Jumping to conclusions' (JTC) is a reasoning bias consisting of a tendency to take a decision without having enough information about an event. It has been related to the presence of delusions. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between three tasks differing in complexity and concept which assess JTC and cognitive functioning in a sample of people with schizophrenia and healthy participants. We also assessed which cognitive variables, after controlling for psychotic symptoms, explained the presence of JTC in each sample. A total of 43 patients with schizophrenia and 57 healthy participants were assessed with a cognition battery including executive function, verbal memory, and IQ. JTC was assessed with three tasks (probability of 85:15; 60:40, and 60:40 with emotional component). Patients were also assessed on psychotic and affective symptoms and the healthy participants on proneness to hallucinations and delusion. The present study demonstrates a clear relationship between JTC and cognitive functioning, especially in working memory, verbal memory, and cognitive processing speed in people with schizophrenia and in healthy participants. However no relationship was found in the emotional task of JTC. Hallucinations (in people with schizophrenia) and proneness to hallucinations (in the healthy participants) are related to JTC. Our results suggest that diverse psychological interventions such as cognitive remediation, cognitive behavioral therapy and meta-cognitive training might contribute to reducing JTC bias.
“急于下结论”（JTC）是一种推理偏差，表现为在没有足够关于某事件的信息时就倾向于做出决定。它与妄想的存在有关。本研究的目的是评估三项在复杂性和概念上有所不同的任务之间的关系，这三项任务用于评估精神分裂症患者样本和健康参与者中的JTC及认知功能。我们还评估了在控制精神症状后，哪些认知变量能解释每个样本中JTC的存在情况。共有43名精神分裂症患者和57名健康参与者接受了包括执行功能、言语记忆和智商的认知测试。通过三项任务（概率为85:15；60:40，以及带有情感成分的60:40）来评估JTC。还对患者的精神和情感症状进行了评估，对健康参与者评估了幻觉和妄想倾向。本研究表明JTC与认知功能之间存在明显关系，尤其是在精神分裂症患者和健康参与者的工作记忆、言语记忆及认知处理速度方面。然而，在JTC的情感任务中未发现这种关系。幻觉（在精神分裂症患者中）和幻觉倾向（在健康参与者中）与JTC有关。我们的结果表明，诸如认知矫正、认知行为疗法和元认知训练等多种心理干预可能有助于减少JTC偏差。
