Von Ellenrieder Natalia
Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832, United States of America; Email:
Zootaxa. 2013 Nov 25;3738:1-155. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3738.1.1.
Examination of over 1,400 specimens of the neotropical genus Metaleptobasis Calvert, 1907, including primary types or paratypes of 18 of the 20 currently available species names and large series of specimens including pairs in tandem and copula, allowed me to unequivocally associate older names with species, distinguish between specific and intraspecific variability, associate both sexes for each species, and recognize the existence of female polymorphism. As a result, seven names are found to be junior synonyms: Metaleptobasis mauritia Williamson, 1915 junior synonym of M. bicornis (Selys, 1877), M. manicaria Williamson, 1915 and M. fernandezi Rácenis, 1955 junior synonyms of M. diceras (Selys, 1877), M. westfalli Cumming, 1954 junior synonym of M. foreli Ris, 1915, and M. tetragena Calvert, 1947, M. weibezahni Rácenis, 1955, and M. incisula De Marmels, 1989 junior synonyms of M. brysonima Williamson, 1915. Lectotypes are designated for M. amazonica and Leptobasis diceras. Eighteen new species of Metaleptobasis are described: M. brevicauda (Holotype ♂, Peru, Huánuco Dep., Shapajilla, jungle, 11 v 1939, F. Woytkowski leg., in UMMZ); M. falcifera (Holotype ♂, Peru, Madre De Dios Dep., Pakitza, Reserved Zone, Manu National Park, T2 to R2 to T1 to base camp, 11°55'48''S, 71°15'18''W, 250 m, 17 ix 1989, J.A. Louton leg., in USNM); M. furcifera (Holotype ♂, Peru, Loreto Dep., Iquitos, iii 1936, G.G. Klug leg., in BMNH); M. gabrielae (Holotype ♂, Peru, Loreto Dep., Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Reserve, forest interior (4°23'40''S, 73°14'56''W), 27 vii 2009, T. Faasen leg., in RMNH); M. guillermoi (Holotype ♂, Peru, Loreto Dep., Yarinacocha, temporary forest stream (8°17'S, 74°37'W, 145 m), 2 vi 1972, D.L. Pearson leg., in FSCA); M. inermis (Holotype ♂, Brazil, Pará State, Jacareacanga, vii 1969, F.R. Barbosa leg., in UMMZ); M. leniloba (Holotype ♂, Peru, Loreto Dep., Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Santa Luisa trail (5°15'S, 74°40'W), 10 vi 2008, C. Beatty, A. Cordero & J. Hoffmann leg., in FSCA); M. longicauda (Holotype ♂, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, C. Teles Pires, Alto Tapajos, 1-31 viii 1956, Sick leg., in MNRJ); M. orthogonia (Holotype ♂, Peru, Loreto Dep., San Juan, Río Amazonas, near Iquitos, viii 1939, J. Schunke leg., in FSCA); M. paludicola (Holotype ♂, Peru, Loreto Dep., Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Reserve, swamp, 4°23'49''S, 73°14'57''W, 27 ii 2009, T. Faasen leg., in RMNH); M. panguanae (Holotype ♂, Peru, Huánuco Dep., Biological Station Panguana, E side Río Yuyapichis, 9°37'S, 74°57'W, 6-17 iv 2003, H.J. & E.-G. Burmeister leg., in ZSM); M. peltata (Holotype ♂, Peru Loreto Dep., Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Reserve, 4°21'22''S, 73°11'0''W, 19 ii 2010, T. Faasen leg., in RMNH); M. prostrata (Holotype ♂, Peru, Junín Dep., Satipo, v 1945, P. Paprzycki leg., in UMMZ); M. silvicola (Holotype ♂, Peru, Madre de Dios Dep., Explorer's Inn on Río Tambopata, 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado, main trail, 1 viii 1979, M. Perkins & P. Donahue leg., in FSCA); M. spatulata (Holotype ♂, Peru, Huánuco Dep., 10 km N of Cucharas, confluence of Huallaga and Pacay rivers, viii 1954, F. Woytkowski leg., in UMMZ); M. tridentigera (Holotype ♂, Brazil, Rondônia State, Porto Velho, Area Abunan, T11 Aleatorio, 8°46'S, 63°54'W, 86 m, 16 v 2010, Nogueira & Mendes leg., in MZUSP); M. truncata (Holotype ♂, Brazil, Pará State, Jacareacanga, xi 1969, F.R. Barbosa leg., in UMMZ); and M. turbinata (Holotype ♂, Peru, Loreto Dep., Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Reserve, forest swamp (4°24'18''S, 73°14'38''W), 25 ii 2010, T. Fassen leg., in RMNH). Illustrations, keys, diagnoses, and distribution maps for all 31 currently known species are provided. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Metaleptobasis are analyzed based on 33 adult morphological characters, including the 31 currently described species of Metaleptobasis and eleven outgroup taxa of other Coenagrionidae of the subfamily Teinobasinae. The cladistic analysis recovered Metaleptobasis as monophyletic, and as sister group of Aceratobasis Kennedy, a teinobasine genus some of the species of which possess an articulated spur on base of male cercus. Hypothesized relationships among its species are discussed.
对新热带区的Metaleptobasis Calvert属(1907年)的1400多个标本进行了检查,其中包括20个现有物种名称中18个的模式标本或副模式标本,以及大量的标本系列,包括串联和交尾的配对标本,这使我能够明确地将旧名称与物种联系起来,区分种间和种内变异,将每个物种的雌雄个体联系起来,并认识到雌性多态性的存在。结果发现,七个名称是次异名:Metaleptobasis mauritia Williamson, 1915是M. bicornis (Selys, 1877)的次异名,M. manicaria Williamson, 1915和M. fernandezi Rácenis, 1955是M. diceras (Selys, 1877)的次异名,M. westfalli Cumming, 1954是M. foreli Ris, 1915的次异名,以及M. tetragena Calvert, 1947、M. weibezahni Rácenis, 1955和M. incisula De Marmels, 1989是M. brysonima Williamson, 1915的次异名。为M. amazonica和Leptobasis diceras指定了选模式标本。描述了18个Metaleptobasis新物种:M. brevicauda(模式标本♂,秘鲁,瓦努科省,沙帕伊亚,丛林,1939年11月11日,F. Woytkowski采集,存于密歇根大学动物博物馆);M. falcifera(模式标本♂,秘鲁,马德雷德迪奥斯省,帕基察,保留区,马努国家公园,T2至R2至T1至大本营,南纬11°55'48'',西经71°15'18'',250米,1989年9月17日,J.A. Louton采集,存于美国国家自然历史博物馆);M. furcifera(模式标本♂,秘鲁,洛雷托省,伊基托斯,1936年3月,G.G. Klug采集,存于英国自然历史博物馆);M. gabrielae(模式标本♂,秘鲁,洛雷托省,塔姆希亚库 - 塔瓦约保护区,森林内部(南纬4°23'40'',西经73°14'56''),2009年7月27日,T. Faasen采集,存于荷兰国家自然历史博物馆);M. guillermoi(模式标本♂,秘鲁,洛雷托省,亚里纳科查,临时森林溪流(南纬8°17',西经74°37',145米),1972年6月2日,D.L. Pearson采集,存于佛罗里达自然历史博物馆);M. inermis(模式标本♂,巴西,帕拉州,雅卡雷坎加,1969年7月,F.R. Barbosa采集,存于密歇根大学动物博物馆);M. leniloba(模式标本♂,秘鲁,洛雷托省,帕卡亚 - 萨米里亚国家保护区,圣路易斯小径(南纬5°15',西经74°40'),2008年6月10日,C. Beatty、A. Cordero和J. Hoffmann采集,存于佛罗里达自然历史博物馆);M. longicauda(模式标本♂,巴西,马托格罗索州,C. 特莱斯皮雷斯,上塔帕若斯,1956年8月1日至31日,Sick采集,存于里约热内卢国家博物馆);M. orthogonia(模式标本♂,秘鲁,洛雷托省,圣胡安,亚马逊河,伊基托斯附近,1939年8月,J. Schunke采集,存于佛罗里达自然历史博物馆);M. paludicola(模式标本♂,秘鲁,洛雷托省,塔姆希亚库 - 塔瓦约保护区,沼泽,南纬4°23'49'',西经73°14'57'',2009年2月27日,T. Faasen采集,存于荷兰国家自然历史博物馆);M. panguanae(模式标本♂,秘鲁,瓦努科省,潘瓜纳生物站,尤亚皮奇斯河东岸,南纬9°37',西经74°57',2003年4月6日至17日,H.J.和E.-G. Burmeister采集,存于德国动物学博物馆);M. peltata(模式标本♂,秘鲁洛雷托省,塔姆希亚库 - 塔瓦约保护区,南纬4°21'22'',西经73°11'0'',2010年2月19日,T. Faasen采集,存于荷兰国家自然历史博物馆);M. prostrata(模式标本♂,秘鲁,胡宁省,萨蒂波,1945年5月,P. Paprzycki采集,存于密歇根大学动物博物馆);M. silvicola(模式标本♂,秘鲁,马德雷德迪奥斯省,坦博帕塔河上的探险家旅馆,马尔多纳多港西南30公里,主路,1979年8月1日,M. Perkins和P. Donahue采集,存于佛罗里达自然历史博物馆);M. spatulata(模式标本♂,秘鲁,瓦努科省,库查拉斯以北10公里,瓦亚加河与帕卡伊河交汇处,1954年8月,F. Woytkowski采集,存于密歇根大学动物博物馆);M. tridentigera(模式标本♂,巴西,朗多尼亚州,波多韦柳,阿巴南地区,T11随机区,南纬8°46',西经63°54',86米,2010年5月16日,Nogueira和Mendes采集,存于圣保罗大学动物学博物馆);M. truncata(模式标本♂,巴西,帕拉州,雅卡雷坎加,1969年11月,F.R. Barbosa采集,存于密歇根大学动物博物馆);以及M. turbinata(模式标本♂,秘鲁,洛雷托省,塔姆希亚库 - 塔瓦约保护区,森林沼泽(南纬4°24'18'',西经73°14'38''),2010年2月25日,T. Fassen采集,存于荷兰国家自然历史博物馆)。提供了所有31个目前已知物种的插图、检索表、诊断和分布图。基于33个成年形态特征分析了Metaleptobasis属内的系统发育关系,包括目前描述的31个Metaleptobasis物种以及Teinobasinae亚科其他Coenagrionidae科的11个外类群分类单元。分支分析得出Metaleptobasis是单系的,并且是Aceratobasis Kennedy的姐妹群,Aceratobasis Kennedy是一个teinobasine属,其中一些物种在雄性尾铗基部具有关节化的距。讨论了其物种之间的假设关系。