Catanach Therese A, Dietrich Chris H, Woolley James B
Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, MC 652, Champaign, IL 61820 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845; Email:
Illinois Natural History Survey 1816 South Oak Street, MC 652, Champaign, IL 61820; Email: unknown.
Zootaxa. 2013 Nov 29;3741:490-510. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3.
A phylogenetic analysis of Xyphon was completed using 45 adult morphological characters and 1,076 base pairs of the mtDNA gene NADH dehydrogenase 1. Multiple specimens, representative of the range of morphological variation found in each previously described species, were scored for the morphological data matrix to test the monophyly of each species. These tests supported the following synonymies: Xyphon gillettei (Ball, 1901) to include X. balli (Knull, 1940) syn. nov.; and X. reticulatum (Signoret, 1854) to include X. diductum (Fowler, 1900) syn. nov., X. dyeri (Gibson, 1919) syn. nov., and X. sagittiferum (Uhler, 1895) syn. nov. Parsimony and Bayesian techniques were used to infer relationships among species, resulting in almost identical tree topologies. In all analyses Xyphon was monophyletic and Draeculacephala was its sister genus although clade support for Xyphon was generally low. The analyses suggest that a clade comprising X. flaviceps (Riley) and X. fulgidum (Nottingham) is sister to the remainder of the genus, and a clade comprising X. gillettei and X. spadice sp. nov. was sister to a clade containing X. triguttatum (Nottingham), X. nudum (Nottingham), and X. reticulatum. The six currently recognized species, including X. spadice sp. nov., are described and illustrated and a key to adult Xyphon is provided.
利用45个成虫形态特征和线粒体DNA基因烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶1的1076个碱基对，完成了对Xyphon的系统发育分析。对多个标本进行了形态数据矩阵评分，这些标本代表了每个先前描述物种中发现的形态变异范围，以检验每个物种的单系性。这些检验支持以下同义关系：Xyphon gillettei（鲍尔，1901年）包括X. balli（克努尔，1940年），新同义名；以及X. reticulatum（西尼奥雷，1854年）包括X. diductum（福勒，1900年），新同义名，X. dyeri（吉布森，1919年），新同义名，和X. sagittiferum（乌勒，1895年），新同义名。采用简约法和贝叶斯技术推断物种间的关系，得到了几乎相同的树形拓扑结构。在所有分析中，Xyphon是单系的，Draeculacephala是其姐妹属，尽管对Xyphon的分支支持通常较低。分析表明，一个由X. flaviceps（莱利）和X. fulgidum（诺丁汉）组成的分支是该属其余部分的姐妹分支，一个由X. gillettei和X. spadice新种组成的分支是一个包含X. triguttatum（诺丁汉）、X. nudum（诺丁汉）和X. reticulatum的分支的姐妹分支。描述并图示了包括X. spadice新种在内的六个目前公认的物种，并提供了成年Xyphon的检索表。
