Faller Christina E, Guvench Olgun
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New England College of Pharmacy, ortland, Maine, 04103.
Proteins. 2014 Nov;82(11):3079-89. doi: 10.1002/prot.24668. Epub 2014 Sep 29.
Specific sugar residues and their linkages form the basis of molecular recognition for interactions of glycoproteins with other biomolecules. Seemingly small changes, like the addition of a single monosaccharide in the covalently attached glycan component of glycoproteins, can greatly affect these interactions. For instance, the sialic acid capping of glycans affects protein-ligand binding involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. CD44 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein whose binding with its carbohydrate ligand hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix component, mediates processes such as leukocyte homing, cell adhesion, and tumor metastasis. This binding is highly regulated by glycosylation of the N-terminal extracellular hyaluronan-binding domain (HABD); specifically, sialic acid capped N-glycans of HABD inhibit ligand binding. However, the molecular mechanism behind this sialic acid mediated regulation has remained unknown. Two of the five N-glycosyation sites of HABD have been previously identified as having the greatest inhibitory effect on HA binding, but only if the glycans contain terminal sialic acid residues. These two sites, Asn25 and Asn120, were chosen for in silico glycosylation in this study. Here, from extensive standard molecular dynamics simulations and biased simulations, we propose a molecular mechanism for this behavior based on spontaneously-formed charge-paired hydrogen bonding interactions between the negatively-charged sialic acid residues and positively-charged Arg sidechains known to be critically important for binding to HA, which itself is negatively charged. Such intramolecular hydrogen bonds would preclude associations critical to hyaluronan binding. This observation suggests how CD44 and related glycoprotein binding is regulated by sialylation as cellular environments fluctuate.
特定的糖残基及其连接方式构成了糖蛋白与其他生物分子相互作用的分子识别基础。看似微小的变化,比如在糖蛋白共价连接的聚糖成分中添加单个单糖,都可能极大地影响这些相互作用。例如,聚糖的唾液酸封端会影响细胞 - 细胞和细胞 - 基质相互作用中涉及的蛋白质 - 配体结合。CD44是一种单次跨膜糖蛋白,它与其碳水化合物配体透明质酸(HA,一种细胞外基质成分)的结合介导了白细胞归巢、细胞黏附及肿瘤转移等过程。这种结合受到N端细胞外透明质酸结合结构域(HABD)糖基化的高度调控;具体而言,HABD的唾液酸封端的N - 聚糖会抑制配体结合。然而,这种唾液酸介导调控背后的分子机制仍不清楚。HABD的五个N - 糖基化位点中的两个先前已被确定对HA结合具有最大抑制作用,但前提是聚糖含有末端唾液酸残基。在本研究中,选择了这两个位点Asn25和Asn120进行计算机糖基化。在此,通过广泛的标准分子动力学模拟和有偏模拟,我们基于带负电荷的唾液酸残基与带正电荷的Arg侧链之间自发形成的电荷配对氢键相互作用,提出了这种行为的分子机制,已知后者对于与带负电荷的HA结合至关重要。这种分子内氢键会阻止对透明质酸结合至关重要的缔合。这一观察结果表明,随着细胞环境的波动,CD44及相关糖蛋白的结合是如何通过唾液酸化进行调控的。