Department of Oncology with the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland ; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
Department of Oncology with the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland.
Front Oncol. 2014 Jul 25;4:194. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00194. eCollection 2014.
Drug resistance mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still remain elusive. Although most patients initially respond to targeted therapy, acquired resistance can still develop eventually. Most of the patients suffer from intrinsic (genetic) resistance as well, suggesting that there is substantial need to broaden our knowledge in the field of RCC genetics. As molecular abnormalities occur for various reasons, ranging from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large chromosomal defects, conducting whole-genome association studies using high-throughput techniques seems inevitable. In principle, data obtained via genome-wide research should be continued and performed on a large scale for the purposes of drug development and identification of biological pathways underlying cancerogenesis. Genetic alterations are mostly unique for each histological RCC subtype. According to recently published data, RCC is a highly heterogeneous tumor. In this paper, the authors discuss the following: (1) current state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential biomarkers of RCC subtypes; (2) significant obstacles encountered in the translational research on RCC; and (3) recent molecular findings that may have a crucial impact on future therapeutic approaches.
肾癌 (RCC) 的耐药机制仍然难以捉摸。尽管大多数患者最初对靶向治疗有反应，但最终仍可能发生获得性耐药。大多数患者还存在内在（遗传）耐药性，这表明我们有必要在 RCC 遗传学领域扩大我们的知识。由于分子异常是由多种原因引起的，从单核苷酸多态性到大片段染色体缺陷，使用高通量技术进行全基因组关联研究似乎是不可避免的。原则上，通过全基因组研究获得的数据应该继续并在大规模上进行，以进行药物开发和鉴定癌症发生的生物学途径。遗传改变在每种组织学 RCC 亚型中大多是独特的。根据最近发表的数据，RCC 是一种高度异质性的肿瘤。在本文中，作者讨论了以下内容：（1）RCC 亚型潜在生物标志物的最新研究现状；（2）RCC 转化研究中遇到的重大障碍；（3）可能对未来治疗方法产生关键影响的最新分子发现。
