Richard Adam H, Parks Connie L, Monson Keith L
Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Visiting Scientist Program, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, Quantico, VA, USA.
Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA.
Forensic Sci Int. 2014 Sep;242:283-292. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.014. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
Facial approximations (whether clay sculptures, sketches, or computer-generated) can be presented to the public in a variety of layouts, but there are currently no clear indicators as to what style of presentation is most effective at eliciting recognition. The primary purpose of this study is to determine which of five presentation methods produces the most favorable recognition results. A secondary goal of the research is to evaluate a new method for assessing the accuracy of facial approximations. Previous studies have evaluated facial approximation effectiveness using standards similar to studies of eyewitness identification in which a single, definitive choice must be made by the research participant. These criteria seem inappropriate given that facial approximation is strictly an investigative tool to help narrow the search for potential matching candidates in the process of identification. Results from the study showed a higher performance for methods utilizing more than one image of the approximation, but which specific method performed best varied among approximation subjects. Also, results for all five presentation methods showed that, when given the opportunity to select more than one approximation, participants were consistently better at identifying the correct approximation as one of a few possible matches to the missing person than they were at singling out the correct approximation. This suggests that facial approximations have perhaps been undervalued as investigative tools in previous research.
面部复原图（无论是泥塑、素描还是电脑生成的）可以通过多种形式向公众展示，但目前对于哪种展示方式在引发识别方面最有效尚无明确指标。本研究的主要目的是确定五种展示方法中哪一种能产生最有利的识别结果。该研究的次要目标是评估一种评估面部复原图准确性的新方法。以往的研究在评估面部复原图的有效性时，采用的标准类似于目击证人识别研究，即研究参与者必须做出单一、明确的选择。鉴于面部复原图严格来说只是一种调查工具，旨在帮助在身份识别过程中缩小对潜在匹配对象的搜索范围，这些标准似乎并不合适。研究结果表明，使用多张复原图的方法表现更佳，但哪种具体方法表现最佳在不同的复原对象中有所不同。此外，所有五种展示方法的结果都表明，当有机会选择多张复原图时，参与者在从几个可能的匹配对象中识别出与失踪人员正确的复原图方面，比单独挑出正确的复原图表现得更好。这表明在以往的研究中，面部复原图作为调查工具可能被低估了。
