Tsou E
Prim Care. 1978 Sep;5(3):397-409.
Pulmonary embolism is unique among cardiorespiratory diseases because of its high frequency of both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. The lack of specific and consistent clinical, laboratory, roentgen, and electrocardiographic features lead to this paradox. While the lung scan may be diagnostic in selected cases, the pulmonary angiogram is the most accurate method of demonstrating emoboli short of operative or pathological examination.
肺栓塞在心肺疾病中独具特点，因其过度诊断和诊断不足的发生率都很高。缺乏特异性且一致的临床、实验室、影像学及心电图特征导致了这一矛盾现象。虽然肺扫描在某些特定病例中可能具有诊断价值，但在未经手术或病理检查的情况下，肺动脉造影是显示栓子最准确的方法。
