Ruiz-Estévez Mercedes, Cabrero Josefa, Camacho Juan Pedro M, López-León María Dolores
Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2014;143(4):268-74. doi: 10.1159/000365797. Epub 2014 Aug 16.
B chromosomes in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans are considered to be mitotically stable, because all meiotic (primary spermatocytes and oocytes) or mitotic (embryos, ovarioles, and gastric caecum) cells analyzed within the same individual show the same B chromosome number. Nothing is known, however, about body parts with somatic tissues with no mitotic activity in adult individuals, constituting the immense majority of their body. Therefore, we investigated whether B chromosomes are present in 8 non-mitotically active somatic body parts from both sexes in addition to ovarioles and testes by PCR analysis of 2 B-specific molecular markers. We also elucidated the number of B chromosomes that an individual carried through quantifying the B-located rDNA copy number by qPCR. Our results indicated the amplification of both B-specific markers in all analyzed body parts. However, we found high variation between males for the estimated number of rDNA units in the B chromosomes. These results demonstrate the presence of B chromosomes in all body parts from the same individual and suggest a high variation in the rDNA content of the B chromosomes carried by different individuals from the same population, presumably due to unequal crossovers during meiosis.
在蝗虫Eyprepocnemis plorans中,B染色体被认为在有丝分裂过程中是稳定的,因为在同一个体中分析的所有减数分裂(初级精母细胞和卵母细胞)或有丝分裂(胚胎、卵巢小管和胃盲囊)细胞都显示相同的B染色体数目。然而,对于成年个体中没有有丝分裂活性的体细胞组成的身体部分,这占其身体的绝大部分,我们却一无所知。因此,我们通过对2个B特异性分子标记进行PCR分析,研究了除卵巢小管和睾丸外,来自两性的8个无有丝分裂活性的体细胞身体部分中是否存在B染色体。我们还通过qPCR定量B染色体上的rDNA拷贝数,阐明了个体携带的B染色体数量。我们的结果表明,在所有分析的身体部分中,两个B特异性标记均有扩增。然而,我们发现雄性个体的B染色体中rDNA单位的估计数量存在很大差异。这些结果证明了同一个体的所有身体部分都存在B染色体,并表明同一群体中不同个体携带的B染色体的rDNA含量存在很大差异,这可能是由于减数分裂过程中不等交换造成的。