Exeter Daniel J, Zhao Jinfeng, Hanham Grant, Grey Corina, Wells Sue, Kerr Andrew
Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, PB 92019, Auckland Mail Centre 1142, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2014 Aug 15;127(1400):70-80.
The Health Quality and Safety Commission (HQSC) is developing Atlases of Healthcare Variation in New Zealand. We were invited to create and map the sociogeographic distribution of medication dispensing patterns among people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).
We developed two interactive online atlas 'templates' demonstrating geographical variations in CVD medication dispensing using InstantAtlas. Each template provides stratified results in tabular, graphical and map format. In the 'Standard' template proportions were mapped according to standard deviations from the mean, while the 'Advanced' template used a 'heat-map' classification to show DHB-level variations. Furthermore, we added commentaries describing the variations present and provided questions of potential interest for users.
The Standard template was best suited for DHB-level variations relative to a specific age, gender, or ethnic group but less effective for showing comparisons between two groups (e.g. Maori and Pacific). By contrast, the fixed legend and 'radar plot' in the Advanced template highlighted variations in medication dispensing rates geographically and sociodemographically more effectively.
Geographical mapping of unwarranted variations in effective care requires careful consideration. Our experience from developing this CVD atlas is documented here for developers of other components of the Atlas of Healthcare Variation in New Zealand.
健康质量与安全委员会(HQSC)正在编制新西兰医疗保健差异地图集。我们受邀绘制动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(CVD)患者用药模式的社会地理分布图。
我们使用InstantAtlas开发了两个交互式在线地图集“模板”,展示CVD药物配给的地理差异。每个模板以表格、图形和地图形式提供分层结果。在“标准”模板中,比例根据与均值的标准差进行映射,而“高级”模板使用“热图”分类来显示地区卫生局(DHB)层面的差异。此外,我们添加了描述现有差异的评论,并提出了用户可能感兴趣的问题。
相对于特定年龄、性别或种族群体,标准模板最适合展示地区卫生局层面的差异,但在展示两组之间的比较(如毛利人和太平洋岛民)时效果较差。相比之下,高级模板中的固定图例和“雷达图”能更有效地突出药物配给率在地理和社会人口统计学方面的差异。
对有效医疗中不必要的差异进行地理映射需要仔细考虑。我们编制这份CVD地图集的经验在此记录下来,供新西兰医疗保健差异地图集其他部分的开发者参考。