Ruch Jasmin, Riehl Torben, Michalik Peter
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia ; Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum, Biocenter Grindel, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King- Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum, Biocenter Grindel, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King- Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Zookeys. 2014 Jul 21(427):1-19. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.427.7450. eCollection 2014.
Spiders have become an important model to study the evolution of sociality, but a lack of their detailed natural history and taxonomy hinders broader comparative studies. Group-living crab spiders (Thomisidae) provide an excellent contrast to other social spiders since they lack a communal capture web, which was thought to be a critical factor in the evolution of sociality. Only three non-webbuilding crab-spider species are known to be subsocial or social, all of which belong to the genus Diaea Thorell, 1869. The aim of this study is to describe the social lifestyle of Xysticus bimaculatus L. Koch, 1867 for the first time. Furthermore, we present a detailed re-description of this species and discuss its taxonomic implications. Like other subsocial crab spiders, X. bimaculatus builds nests from tree leaves. Nests contain up to 38 spiders and sometimes several adult females, indicating the species may be at a transitory stage between subsociality and permanent sociality.
蜘蛛已成为研究社会性进化的重要模型，但缺乏详细的自然史和分类学信息阻碍了更广泛的比较研究。群居蟹蛛（蟹蛛科）与其他社会性蜘蛛形成了鲜明对比，因为它们没有公共捕猎网，而公共捕猎网曾被认为是社会性进化的关键因素。已知只有三种不织网的蟹蛛物种是亚社会性或社会性的，它们都属于1869年索雷尔命名的迪亚埃属。本研究的目的是首次描述1867年科赫命名的双斑花蟹蛛的社会生活方式。此外，我们对该物种进行了详细的重新描述，并讨论了其分类学意义。与其他亚社会性蟹蛛一样，双斑花蟹蛛用树叶筑巢。巢穴中最多可容纳38只蜘蛛，有时还有几只成年雌性蜘蛛，这表明该物种可能正处于亚社会性和永久性社会性之间的过渡阶段。
