Thongklang Naritsada, Nawaz Rizwana, Khalid Abdul N, Chen Jie, Hyde Kevin D, Zhao Ruilin, Parra Luis A, Hanif Muhammad, Moinard Magalie, Callac Philippe
Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Mycologia. 2014 Nov-Dec;106(6):1220-32. doi: 10.3852/14-076. Epub 2014 Aug 24.
The genus Agaricus is known for its medicinal and edible species but also includes toxic species that belong to section Xanthodermatei. Previous phylogenetic reconstruction for temperate species, based on sequence data of nuc rRNA gene (rDNA) internal transcribed spacers (ITS), has revealed two major groups in this section and a possible third lineage for A. pseudopratensis. Recent research in Agaricus has shown that classifications need improving with the addition of tropical taxa. In this study we add new tropical collections to section Xanthodermatei. We describe three species from collections made in Pakistan and Thailand and include them in a larger analysis using all available ITS data for section Xanthodermatei. Agaricus bisporiticus sp. nov. and A. fuscopunctatus sp. nov. are introduced based on molecular and morphological studies, whereas A. microvolvatulus is recorded for the first time in Asia. Specimens from Thailand however have a much larger pileus than the type specimens from Congo. In maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) phylogenetic analyses these three species cluster with A. pseudopratensis from the Mediterranean area and A. murinocephalus recently described from Thailand. In Agaricus section Xanthodermatei this new group is monophyletic and receives low bootstrap support whereas the two previously known groups receive strong support. Within the new group, the most closely related species share some traits, but we did not find any unifying morphological character; however the five species of the group share a unique short nucleotide sequence. Two putatively toxic species of section Xanthodermatei are now recognized in Pakistan and six in Thailand.
伞菌属以其药用和可食用物种而闻名，但也包括属于黄皮伞组的有毒物种。先前基于核核糖体RNA基因（rDNA）内部转录间隔区（ITS）的序列数据对温带物种进行的系统发育重建，揭示了该组中的两个主要类群以及假草原环柄菇可能的第三个谱系。最近对伞菌属的研究表明，随着热带类群的加入，分类需要改进。在本研究中，我们将新的热带标本加入到黄皮伞组。我们描述了从巴基斯坦和泰国采集的三个物种，并将它们纳入使用黄皮伞组所有可用ITS数据的更大分析中。基于分子和形态学研究，引入了双孢环柄菇新种和褐点环柄菇新种，而微苞环柄菇是在亚洲首次记录。然而，来自泰国的标本菌盖比来自刚果的模式标本大得多。在最大似然法（ML）和最大简约法（MP）系统发育分析中，这三个物种与来自地中海地区的假草原环柄菇和最近从泰国描述的鼠头环柄菇聚类。在伞菌属黄皮伞组中，这个新类群是单系的，得到的自展支持率较低，而两个先前已知的类群得到了有力支持。在这个新类群中，关系最密切的物种有一些共同特征，但我们没有发现任何统一的形态特征；然而，该类群的五个物种共享一个独特的短核苷酸序列。现在在巴基斯坦确认了黄皮伞组的两种推定有毒物种，在泰国确认了六种。
