Lenchner Itzik, Aroch Itamar, Segev Gilad, Kelmer Efrat, Bruchim Yaron
Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2014 Jul-Aug;24(4):437-43. doi: 10.1111/vec.12207.
To describe the clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, treatment, complications and outcome, and to identify risk factors for death in cats envenomed by Vipera palaestinae (Vp).
Retrospective study.
Veterinary teaching hospital.
Eighteen client-owned cats envenomed by Vp.
None.
All envenomations occurred during the hot season (May to October), mostly in young (<4 years, 66%) domestic shorthair, outdoor or indoor-outdoor cats. Clinical signs included tachypnea (>40/min, 100%), lameness (78%), depression (71%), fang penetration marks (55%), hypothermia (<37.5°C, 43%), hematoma at the envenomation site (27%), tachycardia (>220/min, 20%), and bradycardia (<140/min, 20%). Hematologic abnormalities included thrombocytopenia (89%), hemoconcentration (33%), and leukocytosis (33%). The activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times were prolonged in 100% and in 93% of the cats at presentation to a veterinarian, and remained prolonged 12-24 hours later in 92% and in 77% of the cats, respectively. Cats displayed increased serum creatine kinase activity (100%) and hyperglycemia (89%). Four cats (22%) did not survive. Median hospitalization time was 2 days. Variables associated with death included lower body weight (P = 0.01), lower initial rectal temperature (P = 0.02), lower initial hematocrit (P < 0.001) and 12-24 hours later (P = 0.001), and lower total plasma protein at 12-24 hours following presentation (P = 0.001). There was no association between death and administration of antivenom (10 mL/cat), fresh frozen plasma, or corticosteroids.
Cats are at least as susceptible as dogs to Vp envenomation. Lower body weight, rectal temperature, and hematocrit at presentation were associated with nonsurvival.
描述被巴勒斯坦蝰蛇（Vp）咬伤的猫的临床体征、临床病理异常、治疗、并发症及预后情况，并确定死亡的危险因素。
回顾性研究。
兽医教学医院。
18只被Vp咬伤的客户-owned猫。
无。
所有咬伤均发生在炎热季节（5月至10月），大多为年轻（<4岁，66%）的家养短毛猫，多为户外或室内外活动的猫。临床体征包括呼吸急促（>40次/分钟，100%）、跛行（78%）、抑郁（71%）、牙痕（55%）、体温过低（<37.5°C，43%）、咬伤部位血肿（27%）、心动过速（>220次/分钟，20%）和心动过缓（<140次/分钟，20%）。血液学异常包括血小板减少（89%）、血液浓缩（33%）和白细胞增多（33%）。在初次就诊时，所有猫的活化部分凝血活酶时间和凝血酶原时间均延长，分别为100%和93%，12 - 24小时后仍延长的猫分别为92%和77%。猫的血清肌酸激酶活性升高（100%）和血糖升高（89%）。4只猫（22%）未存活。中位住院时间为2天。与死亡相关的变量包括较低的体重（P = 0.01）；较低的初始直肠温度（P = 0.02）；较低的初始血细胞比容（P < 0.001）以及12 - 24小时后的血细胞比容（P = 0.001）；初次就诊后12 - 24小时较低的总血浆蛋白水平（P = 0.001）。死亡与抗蛇毒血清（10 mL/猫）、新鲜冷冻血浆或皮质类固醇的使用之间无关联。
猫至少与狗一样容易被Vp咬伤。就诊时较低的体重、直肠温度和血细胞比容与死亡相关。
